摄食水平和性别对稀有鮈鲫生长和能量收支的影响

于1995年10月采集本所自繁有ju鲫（约1.03g/ind)，在30℃水温下进行摄食－生长实验，研究了从饥饿到饱食5个摄食水平对不同性别稀有ju鲫的生长和能量收支的影响，结果表明，鱼体干物和能量含量不受摄食率和性别的影响，随着摄食率的增加，雌鱼的湿重，干重和能量特定生长率均呈双对数增加，雄鱼湿重特定生长率呈双对数增加，而干物质和能量特定生长率呈指增加，雄鱼生长速度及摄食率低于雌鱼，随着摄食率的增加，食物能损失于粪便中的比例均呈上升趋势，损失于排泄物中的比例变化不大，呈下降趋势，用于代谢的比例呈下降趋势，用于生长的比例呈上升趋势，除饥饿组外，在各个摄食水平，雌鱼食物能用于代谢的比例较雄鱼低，而用于生长的比例较雄鱼高。     

Identification of Pb sources in Yellow Sea sediments using stable Pb isotope ratios

Rapid economic developments in East Asian countries have inevitably resulted in environmental degradation in the surrounding seas, and concern for both the environment and protection from pollutants is increasing. Identification of sources of contaminants is essential to environmental pollution management. In this study, the provenance of anthropogenic lead (Pb), a major pollutant of Yellow Sea sediments, was determined for river mouth sediments, including those of the Changjiang, Huanghe, Han, and Geum Rivers, and for age-determined shelf core sediments through the measurement of Pb isotope ratios in the HCl-leached fraction using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC ICP/MS). Anthropogenic Pb has accumulated in shelf core sediments since 1910, and its isotope ratios were estimated as 0.863–0.866 and 2.119–2.125 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, respectively, from the mixing relationships of the two endmembers. River mouth sediments exhibited enough distinction in anthropogenic Pb isotope ratios to be discriminated: 0.874 (2.144) in the Huanghe, 0.856 (2.129) in the Han, 0.857 (2.122) in the Geum, and 0.854 (2.101) in the Changjiang for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb), respectively. Although isotope ratios of geogenic Pb in sediments dating before 1910 showed narrow ranges (0.842–0.845 and 2.088–2.100 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, respectively), distinct isotope ratios in each core permitted source identification of sediments in the Yellow Sea based on geographic locations and the geogenic Pb of each river. By comparing the isotope ratios of the estimated anthropogenic Pb to source-related materials, the provenances of anthropogenic Pb in Chinese river sediments were presumed to be Chinese coal or ore, which is also a major source of atmospheric particulate Pb. The anthropogenic Pb in the shelf core sediments in the northern Yellow Sea originated from northern Chinese cities such as Beijing and Tianjin through atmospheric pathways. Pb isotope ratios indicated that Pb in Korean river sediments was characteristic of local Korean ores.     

海拉尔盆地含油气系统

海拉尔盆地为中－新生代的断陷－坳陷型盆地，其发育演化主要经历了地壳隆起、断陷、坳陷、萎缩四个阶段。根据对成藏要素分析，确定出以凹陷为单元的三类含油气系统，各含油气系统都有各自的形成和分布规律。按其空间展布，又可划分为同期并列式、同期交叉式、异期叠合式三种组合形式。这些形式的有效组合，构成了海拉尔盆地内有利的油气聚集带。     

考虑轴向变形、双轴弯曲耦合效应的钢筋混凝土柱的弹塑性分析

在实际地震作用下，高层，特别是高宽比较大的高层结构中，由于倾覆力矩的作用、柱子、特别是外边柱所受轴力的变化将不可忽略。轴向变形与双轴弯曲的耦合作用，将是柱子塑性变形的显著特征。基于材料本构关系的“纤维模型”，能较精确地反映轴向变形，双轴弯曲三者之间的耦合作用。一组钢筋混凝土柱子双轴压弯的计算结果与试验结果的比较，证明了“纤维模型”的有效性和精确性。     

金属腐蚀探测

本阐述了金属腐蚀的危害性和金属管道腐蚀探测的迫切性，并介绍了几种具有探测腐蚀功能的物探方法。     

Analysis of the Chiufengershan landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan

A disastrous earthquake rocked Taiwan on September 21, 1999, with magnitude M_L=7.3 and an epicenter near the small town of Chi-Chi in central Taiwan. The Chi-Chi earthquake triggered landslide on the dip slope at the Chiufengershan. In this study, a review of the topography and geology of this area was followed by field investigations. Laboratory testing was applied to understand the geomaterial composing the slope. Then, based on a series of limit equilibrium analyses, the failure mechanism of this landslide and the risk of the residual slope were studied.

According to the stability analyses, the pre-quake slope is quite stable, with factor of safety of 1.77 (dry) to 1.35 (full groundwater level); explaining why there is no written record of a landslide here for the past 100 years. In contrast, a back analysis shows that the Chi-Chi earthquake-induced dynamic loading is far more than the dip slope can sustain, due in part to the short distance to the epicenter. A Monte Carlo type probability analysis suggests that the residual slope is more dangerous than the pre-quake slope and needs more attention.     

库车坳陷下侏罗统沉积特征及砂体展布

库车坳陷位于塔里木盆地北部，北缘是南天山山前断裂带，南缘是塔北隆起，呈NEE向展布，东西长250km，南北宽20－60km，面积约21170km^2。下侏罗统自下而上发育阿合组、阳霞组。对吐格尔明、克孜勒努尔、库车河剖面及依南2井岩芯观察发现，阿合组和阳霞组按其岩性特征均可以划分为5个岩性段，各个岩性段在全具有对比性。还可分出4类和17个亚类岩相。阿合组细砂岩以上的粗碎屑岩含量为80％以上；阳霞组细砂岩以上的碎屑岩含量为50％－60％。砂岩厚度占总地层厚度的50％－60％以上，是油气勘探的重要目的层系。以吐格尔明剖面为代表的依南2井以东地区的阿合组和阳霞组岩矿特征基本相似，以克孜勒努尔地区为代表的依南2井以西地区有较大差异，即阳霞组长石含量几乎为零。两区共同点是以岩屑砂岩为主，成分成熟度低，结构成熟度中等，岩屑含量较高。从岩性组合、沉积构造、微观岩石成分、结构和砂体形态等方面的综合分析认为，辫状三角洲沉积体系是该区阿合组和阳霞组的主要沉积体系。阿合组砂体纵向上以多个辫状三角洲平原上的辫状分流河道砂岩加积复合为主，横向上指状镶嵌叠置呈东西向展布。阳霞组第3岩性段砂体纵向上以多个辫状三角洲前缘上的水下辫状分流河道砂岩加积复合为主，横向上指状镶嵌叠置也呈东西向展布。第2、4、5岩性段砂体以河道滞流砂岩侧砂为主，横向叠瓦状叠置呈东西向展布。     

天山乌鲁木齐河融雪和河川径流的水文化学过程

研究结果表明, 含 Ｃａ Ｃ Ｏ３矿物的溶解作用在乌鲁木齐河源区居主导地位 尽管融雪径流的 “离子脉冲”作用可以释放峰值强度达 ３～４ 倍的 Ｓ Ｏ２４ 和 Ｎ Ｏ－３ 流, 并且引起了总控断面河川径流与之相像的“离子脉冲”现象,但河川径流仍然呈现弱碱性;河源区强烈的含 Ｓ矿物的氧化溶解作用,产生大量的 Ｈ＋ ,被含 Ｃａ Ｃ Ｏ３矿物的溶解作用所缓冲, 未引起河川径流的酸化乌鲁木齐河以冰川站为界, 以上地区的水文化学过程为矿物的侵蚀－ 溶解过程,以下则发生部分矿物的沉淀,如 Ｃａ Ｃ Ｏ３的沉淀 Ｃａ Ｃ Ｏ３ 的沉淀作用一定程度上又增强了河流的酸缓冲力      

石门烤烟产区人工防雹技术分析

通过分析历史资料,总结出石门山区冰雹发源地及移动路线,并确定了最佳防雹作业点.分析2008年以来的防雹作业资料以及部分降雹实况资料,总结出有效判别石门烤烟产区冰雹云的3个定量指标:组合反射率55dBZ、垂直累计液态含水量45 kg/m2、回波顶高11km以及现场观测定性指标.实践证明,定量指标与现场观测定性指标相结合,提早识别冰雹云是防雹作业成功的关键.     

洛阳市城市环境气象监测预报服务研究

利用洛阳市环境监测资料和气象资料,分析了洛阳市污染物浓度的日变化、季节变化、年际变化规律,并分析了污染物浓度与气象因子的关系。在此基础上,通过回归分析预报方法、污染潜势预报方法、CAPPS模式预报方法对洛阳市3种主要污染物的浓度和级别进行了24 h和48 h预测,并建立了气象局与环保部门共享的气象和污染数据库平台,为双方今后的合作奠定了基础。