走滑断错地貌的特征及研究方法

一、问题的提出我们把与第四纪断层作用有成因联系的地貌形态统称为断错地貌。断错地貌学是构造地貌学的一个新分支,它是随着活动构造调查的开展而发展起来的。在活动构造调查中,地貌学指标是识别及定性-定量地研究活动断层的重要手段。有关这方面的研究散见于国内外大量已发表的著作中,但据作者所知,从构造地貌学角度加以较全面系统总结的专著还     

西藏安多北断裂晚第四纪活动的基本特征

安多北断裂是青藏高原中部安多—错那盆地的北边界断裂(图1)。安多—错那盆地是青藏高原中部当雄—羊八井活动构造带北端的一个断陷盆地,盆地的北缘和南东缘分别为安多北断裂、安多南断裂和错那东断裂,这些断裂均为全新世活动断裂,安多北断裂和安多南断裂控制形成安多盆地,错那断裂控制形成错那盆地。安多盆地总体呈NNE走向,长约80km,南北宽约6～15km,盆地面的海拔高程为4580～4700m,呈东北部高、西南部低的趋势。以前的活动构造研究多集中在当雄—羊八井活动构造带的主体部分,如对念青     

Anoxia over the western continental shelf of India: bacterial indications of intrinsic nitrification feeding denitrification

Studies on the Arabian Sea coastal anoxia have been of immense interest, but despite its ecological significance there is sparse understanding of the microbes involved. Hence, observations were carried out off Goa (15 degrees 30'N, 72 degrees 40'E to 15 degrees 30'N, 72 degrees 59'E) to understand the processes that mediate the changes in various inorganic nitrogen species in the water column during anoxia. Water column chemistry showed a clear distinct oxic environment in the month of April and anoxic condition in October. Our study based on microbial signatures indicated that oxygen deficit appeared as a well-defined nucleus almost 40 km away from the coast during the oxic period (April) and spreads there after to the entire water column synchronizing with the water chemistry. Striking results of net changes in inorganic nitrogen species in nitrification blocked and unblocked experimental systems show that denitrification is the predominant process in the water column consuming available nitrate ( approximately 0.5 microM) to near zero levels within approximately 72 h of incubation. These observations have been supported by concomitant increase in nitrite concentration ( approximately 4 microM). Similar studies on denitrification-blocked incubations, demonstrate the potential of nitrification to feed denitrification. Nitrification could contribute almost 4.5 microM to the total nitrate pool. It was found that the relation between ammonium and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pool (r=0.98, p<0.001, n=122) was significant compared to the latter with nitrite and nitrate. The occurrence of high ammonium under low phosphate conditions corroborates our observations that ammonium does not appear to be locked under low oxygen regimes. It is suggested that ammonium actively produced by detrital breakdown (ammonification) is efficiently consumed through nitrification process. The three processes in concert viz. ammonification, nitrification and denitrification appear to operate in more temporal and spatial proximity than hitherto appreciated in these systems and this gives additional cues on the absence of measurable nitrate at surface waters, which was earlier attributed only to efficient algal uptake. Hence we hypothesize that the alarming nitrous oxide input into the atmosphere could be due to high productivity driven tighter nitrification-denitrification coupling, rather than denitrification driven by extraneous nitrate.     

鄂尔多斯地块运动特征及周缘震情趋势讨论

本文在过去工作的基础上,继续讨论了鄂尔多斯地块运动特征,并从力源和地震活动相关角度提出,在估计该地块地震趋势时,应将大华北以至日本海沟地震活动水平与其联系起来。     

1981年陕西省汉中地区暴雨洪灾中的地震谣传及其辟谣对策(调研报告)

本刊1981年第6、8等期登载了有关国内几次地震谣传的调研报告,引起了有关方面一些反响,陕西省汉中综合地震台的同志在此启发下撰写了《汉中地区暴雨洪灾中的地震谣传及其辟谣对策》的调研报告,较典型地反映了这类地震谣传的特点,具有一定的启示和借鉴意义,本刊在文字上略有删节,现转载如下,供有关方面参考。1980年前后我国一些地区曾发生了多起地震谣传,以及诸如地震虚报等其他有关事件,本刊根据国家地震局地球物理研究所“地震社会学”研究室的考虑在此提出,希望这些地区的有关同志在进行社会调查的基础上,综合整理出调查材料或调研报告投寄该室参考或本刊编辑部选登,以便交流沟通情况,有利于在国内开展“地震社会学”,即地震和地震预报社会经济反应问题的研究工作。     

错一点都不行的军用地图

历时三个半月的阿富汗反恐怖战争虽然推翻了塔利班政权，但既没有抓到拉登，也没有捉到奥马尔，塔利班和“基地”组织的许多上层领导人也神秘地消失了。对此，前线美军一直抱怨军用地图满足不了需要。     

犹他州瓦萨奇断层带的分段性和全新世地震历史

前言 在伸展构造区确定与地表破裂事件相关的地震过程和时间的几个关键问题是：(1)辨别大于50公里长的断层；(2)确定特征地震的发生及其实质；(3)确定强震复发间隔及其变化，这些地震可能使该区成为一片废墟．通过古地震调查，包括横跨犹他州瓦萨奇断层带的详细地质填图和探槽工作，我们对这些问题获得了进一步的认识．     

震源孕育的追赶模式

本文提出了一种一维震源孕育模型。用数学物理方法分析了该模型在地震前的孕育过程和各种物理量的变化规律,提出了震源孕育的追赶模式。追赶模式对纵波速度、地壳运动的前兆异常可作出解释,说明该模式是研究地震前兆的一种可能的力学基础.     

苏鲁造山带地壳上地幔结构层析成像研究

扬子与华北板块在三叠纪的俯冲碰撞形成了著名的苏鲁超高压造山带,其板块碰撞接触关系一直是热点问题.利用国家台网中心64个省台记录的1 079个近震事件的10 922个P波到时和251个远震事件的11 931个P波到时数据,采用远近震联合反演的层析成像方法对苏鲁地区进行了地壳上地幔速度结构反演.结果显示,研究区内两个低速异常区分别对应山东半岛西部的华北板块地幔上隆区和壳幔相互作用强烈的长江中下游成矿带地区.在地幔300 km深度之下出现的高速异常体可能代表了早中生代扬子与华北板块碰撞之前俯冲拆沉的古特提斯洋板块.传统观点的扬子板块岩石圈向北俯冲不明显,华北板块表现为向东南俯冲的高速特征.华北板块俯冲以苏鲁造山带中部的北纬35°为界,分为南北两种俯冲样式.北部俯冲不明显,华北板块停滞在郯庐断裂带以西;南部则表现华北板块向东南陡倾俯冲到苏鲁造山带之下.