Identification of temporal and spatial variations of water quality in Sanya Bay,China by three-way principal component analysis

A large data set obtained by a 1-year monthly determination of water quality from Sanya Bay, South China Sea, was treated by three-way principal component analysis aimed at exploring the spatial and temporal patterns of water quality in Sanya Bay. Tucker3 model of optimum complexity (2, 2, 1) explaining 33.18% of the data variance, allowed interpretation of the data information in three modes. The model explained spatial and temporal variation trends in terms of water quality variables during the study period. Water quality in sampling station (S2) Sanya River was mainly influenced by Sanya River, and water quality in other stations (S1, S3–S10) were mainly influenced by the waters in South China Sea. The results delineated the mouth of Sanya River as critical from pollution point of view. The dry season from October to the next April and rainy season from May to September have different influences on water quality in Sanya Bay. The information extracted by the three-way models would be very useful to regional agencies in developing a strategy to carry out scientific plans for resource use based on marine system functions.     

Bed-load transport rate based on the entrainment probabilities of sediment grains by rolling and lifting

A function for the bed-load sediment transport rate is derived. This function is obtained by using the entrainment probabilities of the rolling and lifted sediment grains, and by introducing two travel lengths, respectively. The predictions from the new bed-load function agree well with experimental results over the entire experimental range and show significant improvement over the commonly used formula for the bed-load transport rate. The new function shows that, in terms of contributing to the bed-load transport rate, the total entrainment probability of the sediment grains is a weighted summation of those for the lifted and rolling grains, rather than a simple addition of the two. The function is also used to predict the total entrainment probability, saltation length, and the bed layer thickness at a high bed-load transport rate. These predictions all agree well with the experimental results. It is found that, on average, the travel length for the rolling sand grains is about an order of magnitude less than that of the lifted grains.     

大亚湾海域沉积物中的硝化与反硝化作用

2004年1、4、8、10月在大亚湾海域的4个站点采用自行设计和制作的无扰动沉积物采样器采集沉积物样品,通过使用AIT技术(乙炔同时抑制硝化与反硝化作用),进行实验室同步恒温受控模拟培养实验,并同时测定沉积物上覆水的温度、盐度、DO和pH值,沉积物的Eh值和有机质含量,间隙水的NO3-、NO2-和NH4 浓度,研究沉积物中的硝化与反硝化速率及其影响因素。结果显示大亚湾沉积物的硝化速率范围为[(0.00—4.68)±0.87]μmol/(m2·h);反硝化速率范围[(0.00—2.88)±0.41]μmol/(m2·h);硝化与反硝化作用之间存在耦合,比例范围为0%—100%。沉积物的硝化、反硝化速率和耦合比例与上覆水的温度、DO含量,及沉积物中的有机质含量和Eh值密切相关,人类活动对沉积物的硝化与反硝化作用有明显的影响。     

An experimental study of mitigating coastal sand dune erosion by microbial- and enzymatic-induced carbonate precipitation

Acta Geotechnica - Due to more extreme weather events and accelerating sea-level rise, coastal sand dunes are subjected to more frequent storm wave inundation and surge impacts, which contribute to...     

The moment generating function of pairwise velocity in the context of redshift space distortion

We study the connections between the pairwise velocity moment generating function G(k_‖,r)and redshift space distortion(RSD)modeling.Here k_‖is the Fourier wavevector parallel to the line of sight,and r is the pair separation vector.We demonstrate its usage by two examples.(1)Besides the known relations between G and the RSD power spectrum(and the correlation function),we propose a new RSD statistics Ps(k_‖,r_丄)whose connection to G is convenient to evaluate numerically.(2)We then develop a fast method to numerically evaluate G,and apply it to a high resolution N-body simulation.We find that G(ln G)shows complicated dependence on k_‖beyond the linear and quadratic dependencies.This not only shows inaccuracy in some existing models and identifies sources of inaccuracy but also provides possible ways of improving the RSD modeling.Consequently,more comprehensive investigations on G are needed to fully explore the usage of G in RSD modeling.     

近20年南海四带笛鲷(Lutjanus kasmira)种群特征变化

根据1998—2018年于我国南海珊瑚礁海域以手钓及流刺网采集的四带笛鲷(Lutjanus kasmira)的生物学数据,对其群体结构、初次性成熟体长、摄食强度及肥满度等种群特征的年际变化进行了研究。结果表明:(1)四带笛鲷的体长范围逐渐缩小,平均体长及最大体长均呈减小趋势; 2013—2018年四带笛鲷体长结构与1998—1999年差异极显著; 1998—1999年全部群体的优势体长组为165—180mm,2013—2017年各年份优势体长组趋向分散, 2017年5月优势体长组包括105—115mm和125—150mm,2018年5月优势体长组为140—165mm,优势体长组呈缩小趋势;(2)异速生长因子b存在年际变化和季节波动,但基本在2.5—3.5范围内;体长范围及其集中程度的差异是导致b波动的主要因素;(3) 1998年4月、1999年5月、2016年4月、2017年5月和2018年9月雌雄比分别为0.62、0.77、1.69、1.08和2.65,雌鱼所占比例逐渐升高,1998—1999年雄鱼多于雌鱼,2016—2018年雌鱼多于雄鱼,性成熟比例和初次性成熟体长总体呈降低趋势;...     

黄河三角洲平原型水库的水质特征

黄河三角洲气候干旱、土壤矿化度高,黄河水富含泥砂和营养盐,使得该地区引黄水库水质面临富营养化和咸化的共同威胁。2001~2003年对黄河三角洲7座不同面积、不同水交换率的地上式和地下式平原型水库的非生物指标和水草分布进行了调查,结果发现:1)[Cl-],[SO42-],TH和电导率有逐渐增加的趋势,而且水的交换量越低,增高的趋势越快,但其中[SO42-]增幅度相对较小;2)水偏弱碱性,溶氧经常接近饱和或过饱和状态;3)Alk变化范围小,在矿化度不断增加的同时,水由碳酸盐型逐渐变为氯化物型;4)水草分布广泛,特别是菹草和聚草,部分水库因为水草的大量孳生导致pH过高(pH>9)。说明该地区水体的咸化趋势表现为氯离子和二价阳离子逐渐增高的趋势,该趋势在水交换量较低、水位较低(地如下式水库)、水体混合不均匀的水库表现更明显;该地区的富营养化特征主要表现为水草大量孳生,并由于有机质在水中合成的速度持续大于分解的速度,而使pH和DO持续维持在较高水平。