Scientific and technological power and international cooperation in the field of natural hazards: a bibliometric analysis

Natural Hazards - Research on natural hazards has become a focus due to the serious threat to human life and property. Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation...     

大气污染对北京冬季城市和郊区辐射收支影响的观测分析

近年来城市化和大气污染对辐射收支的影响日益显著.本研究利用2013-2014年中国科学院大气物理研究所325m铁塔、南郊观象台、密云气象塔、上甸子区域大气本底站四个观测站点的辐射及自动站气象要素数据,采用南郊观象台的能见度资料将观测数据分为清洁天和污染天,并进行类比分析,以1月份为例,研究了北京地区大气污染和城郊差异对辐射收支的影响.结果表明：（1）从月平均值来看,各站污染天入射短波辐射均小于清洁天,衰减最大可达55.8 W·m-2,直接辐射亦然,衰减最大可达161.1 W·m-2,散射辐射相反,增加最大值为72.2 W·m-2;长波辐射污染天大于清洁天,向下向上长波辐射增加最大值分别为85.0 W·m2和70.0 W·m-2,且长波辐射的衰减与污染物浓度和大气温度相关;净辐射白天污染天小于清洁天,夜间相反.（2）从各站的对比可知,大气污染对入射短波辐射的衰减,南部郊区（13.2%）大于北部城区（7.4%）,与北京地区“南北两重天”的污染物分布特征一致;且污染物对长短波辐射的影响呈现了从城区到郊区衰减率依次减小的现象.本研究为大气污染与气象条件的相互作用研究提供了观测基础.     

National vulnerability to extreme climatic events: the cases of electricity disruption in China and Japan

Extreme climatic events are likely to adversely affect many countries throughout the world, but the degrees among countries may be different. China and Japan are the countries with high incidences of extreme weather/disaster, both facing with the urgent task of addressing climate change. This study seeks to quantitatively compare the impacts of extreme climatic events on socioeconomic systems (defined as vulnerability) of the two countries by simulating the consequences of hypothetical same degree of electricity disruption along with extreme events. To do that, two computable general equilibrium models are constructed, by using which three-stage scenarios are simulated for China and Japan, respectively. The results reveal that China and Japan have unequal socioeconomic vulnerabilities to extreme events. (1) Negative impact of the same degree of power outages is bigger on China’s socioeconomic system than on that of Japan, and this difference is more obvious in the very short-run scenario. (2) The decline of China’s GDP, total output, and employment levels is 2–3 times higher than that of Japan, while the difference of the resident welfare levels is sharper, which of China drops 3–5 times of Japan. (3) Structural factors are the main reason for vulnerability differences between China and Japan, including the differences of expenditure structure, factor input structure for production of life requirement sectors, material and energy dependence for the production of industrial sectors, and usage structure of services outputs. Based on these findings, some policy implications and recommendations for fairness issues on climate change adaptation are proposed.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部二叠系山西组23段石英砂岩砂体结构类型及成岩作用差异*

鄂尔多斯盆地东部子洲—清涧地区二叠系山西组2₃段石英砂岩区块单井产能与砂体结构类型具有一定相关性。基于单砂体垂向粒度韵律和自然伽马测井资料,将砂体结构划分出块状型砂体、正粒序型砂体和叠加型砂体3种类型。通过铸体薄片鉴定和粒度分析实验,对3种类型砂体储集层在成岩作用类型、特征、发育程度、产物、垂向变化及成岩孔隙演化的差异性进行表征。研究表明,3类砂体的溶蚀作用、压实作用强度及分布特征存在较大差异,粒度及其垂向分布是制约不同结构类型砂体成岩演化的直接因素,进而影响储集层物性,决定了含气层与致密层的垂向分布规律。块状型砂体储集层原生孔隙、次生溶孔共同发育,含气层厚度较大,局部致密。正粒序型砂体垂向物性差异较大,中—下部储集层溶蚀程度较弱,以原生孔隙为主,次生孔隙少量发育,为含气层;上部储集层压实、胶结作用强烈,相对致密。叠加型砂体储集层形成于河流控制作用逐渐增强的过渡环境,兼有正粒序型、块状型砂体的特征,多层含气且厚度大。     

酸性金黄染料在即时合成层状双氢氧化物结构中嵌入作用

工业染料废水是一类治理难度很大的有机废水,研究新的处理工业染料废水的方法是水污染控制技术领域的重要课题之一。本文研究即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)处理酸性金黄溶液的效果以及影响因素,并利用XRD分析研究了酸性金黄染料在LDH结构中的嵌入方式和反应机理。结果表明,在酸性金黄溶液中同时加入镁盐和铝盐,在pH 7~11的范围内,酸性金黄都有很高的去除率。酸性金黄阴离子以补偿LDH层板电荷的形式嵌入到层间。嵌入到层间的酸性金黄阴离子以双层倾斜45°方式排列。     

基于静水池模型试验的金枪鱼围网沉降性能研究

基于重力相似准则,通过静水池模型试验研究下纲重量、放网速度和网衣材料对围网下纲沉降性能的影响。研究得出以下结论:(1)金枪鱼围网网翼后部下纲沉降速度最快,其次为网翼中部和取渔部;(2)下纲重量和放网速度与下纲沉降速度呈显著的正相关关系(P0.01);(3)同等条件下,涤纶(PES)模型网下纲沉降性能显著优于聚酰胺纤维(PA)模型网,可能与涤纶材料密度较大有关;(4)放网速度1.5m/s和下纲重量47.5g/m条件下,PA材料模型网的网翼中部下纲沉降速度变化规律为先短暂上升,尔后呈快-慢-快趋势下降,平均沉降速度为0.12m/s。     

二阶Y环频率选择表面的设计研究

利用分形结构的自相似性将分形理论应用于频率选择表面(FSS)领域即可使在单屏FSS上具有多频段带通滤波的特性,结合Floquet周期边界条件,采用矩量法研究了二阶Y环分形FSS在不同入射角度下迭代比例因子F及单元排布方式对频率响应特性的影响规律,给出谐振频率的经验估算值.计算及实验结果表明,FSS的谐振频率主要由迭代比例因子及起始单元尺寸决定,而透过率及-3 dB带宽则对排布方式的改变较敏感.实验结果与理论分析一致.     

Conformal invariance and conserved quantities of Appell systems under second-class Mei symmetry

We propose a new concept of the conformal invariance and the conserved quantities for holonomic systems with quasi-coordinates. A one-parameter infinitesimal transformation group and its infinitesimal transformation vector of generators for holonomic systems with quasi-coordinates are described in detail. The conformal factor in the determining equations of the Lie symmetry is found. The necessary and sufficient conditions of conformal invariance, which are simultaneously of Lie symmetry, are given. The conformal invariance may lead to corresponding Hojman conserved quantities when the conformal invariance satisfies some conditions. Finally, an illustration example is introduced to demonstrate the application of the result.     

三维数字岩心技术岩石物理应用研究进展

三维数字岩心可在孔隙尺度上对岩石的微观结构进行精细表征,以数字岩心为载体的岩石微观结构分析与岩石物理属性模拟研究已成为岩石物理分析的重要发展方向之一.本文从数字岩心建模、数字岩心图像分析及岩石物理属性模拟三个方面对数字岩心技术进行了介绍.将数字岩心技术在岩石物理领域的应用分为两大类:基于三维数字图像的直接分析和基于三维数字岩心的岩石物理属性数值模拟.通过三维图像分析可获得孔隙结构、矿物成分、粒度分布等信息;通过岩石物理属性模拟可以研究储层岩石电性、弹性、渗流和核磁共振特征.多种手段相结合建立多尺度、多组分数字岩心,突破分辨率与样品尺度的矛盾限制是数字岩心技术未来的发展趋势.数字岩心技术已发展成为岩石物理实验的重要组成部分,如何将孔隙尺度得到的岩石物理参数升尺度到数字井筒、数字油藏中是数字岩心技术发展亟需解决的难题.