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1.
Extended periods of very low geomagnetic activity as described by very quiet intervals (VQI's) occur only at those times when the solar wind velocityV has a generally decreasing trend, i.e., they mainly occur either after the velocity peak of a high speed solar stream has passed the Earth, or at times when the Earth is immersed in a low speed solar plasma provided that the daily mean value ofdV/dt is negative. The VQI's most frequently start whendV/dt<0 anddB
Z/dt>0 (B
Z is the geocentric solar magnetrospheric-GSMZ-component of the IMF) and end most likely whendV/dt>0 anddB
Z/dt<0. The temporal trends of the solar wind (SW) velocity affect the variation of thea
p index only when the level of geomagnetic activity is generally low.It is suggested that a gradual expansion or contraction of the magnetosphere, associated with a slow variation of the SW pressure, plays a role in the modification of the reconnection-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations in the magnetosphere. 相似文献
2.
Vladislav Babuška Jaroslava Plomerová Edelvays Spasov Reviewer J. Janský 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1987,31(3):266-283
Summary Teleseismic P residuals calculated for waves arriving from various azimuths and angles of incidence, and a 3-D inversion of the residuals provided the basis for characterizing the uppermost mantle structure beneath Bulgaria. The Moesian Platform and the Rhodopean Massif are two different blocks characterized by a lithosphere thickness of about 130–140 km with a zone of lithosphere thinning along their contact. Both units have opposite patterns of the directional dependence of relatively high and low P velocities. This directional dependence is interpreted by dipping anisotropic structures in the subcrustal lithosphere, which probably represent remnants of paleosubductions of an old oceanic lithosphere.
auma u nu¶rt;u n¶rt; au aumau u au. a uu mu ¶rt;am ¶rt; aamuauu mm amuu n¶rt; au. uua nama u ¶rt;nu au, ¶rt;a au a mu um nuuum 130–140 ¶rt; uma m ¶rt; u mama. a a aamua nmun ana auum mum u u mu . ma anaa auum umnmuaa a nu aumn mm amu. mu mm n¶rt;maum a mamu na¶rt;u ma au um.相似文献
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Ivana Nemešová Nina Klimperová Radan Huth Jaroslava Kalvová 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1992,36(4):370-375
Summary The results of an objective weather categorization are presented. The 9 meteorological variables recorded daily during winter seasons of 1961–66 at Prague-Clementinum represent the input dataset. The principal component analysis and a few clustering procedures have been evaluated. 5 component solution and the average linkage clustering method were found optimal. The winter days have been grouped, according to their meteorological character, into 14 clusters. The warm categories represent 20% of the time and the cold categories less than 15% of the days. The mean maps of 1000 hPa and 500 hPa are shown for a few selected categories. Clustering techniques applied to long-time instrumental series can provide a better basis for attempting to detect temperature changes which have taken place over a long time span. 相似文献
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Kalvová Jaroslava Halenka Tomáš Bezpalcová Klára Nemešová Ivana 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(1):185-202
The Köppen climate classification was applied to the observed gridded climatological sets and the outputs of four general circulation models (GCMs) over the continents of the Earth. All data had been acquired via the Data Distribution Centre established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The ability of the GCMs to simulate the Köppen climate zones identified in the real data was explored and possible future (global warming) changes in the climate types' distribution for each GCM were assessed. Differences in the area distributions derived from the GCMs' recent climate simulations give evidence about uncertainties generally involved in climate models. As to the global warming simulations, all GCM projections of warming climate (horizon 2050) show that the zones representing tropical rain climates and dry climates become larger, and the zones identified with boreal forest and snow climates together with the polar climates are smaller. 相似文献
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Summary The author gives more general relations derived for characteristic frequencies of a more complex plasma model. One may assume that expressions derived herein, represent a more appropriate approximation of reality, especially in regions of ionospheric and magnetospheric plasma with a higher concentration of heavy ions. 相似文献
9.
Jan Bednář Jaroslava Kalvová Reviewer K. Vaníček 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1980,24(4):400-413
Summary The statistical treatment of the dependence of monthly sums of global radiation on the monthly sums of sunshine at the stations of Hradec Králové, Bratislava — Koliba and Hurbanovo is presented. The parameters of linear and quadratic regression are derived for the said stations and for the individual months of the year. Drawing on the statistical analysis of the initial data sets, the accuracy and reliability of the mentioned regression relations are critically evaluated. 相似文献
10.
Performance of ENSEMBLES regional climate models over Central Europe using various metrics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Eva Holtanová Ji?í Mik?ovsky Jaroslava Kalvová Petr Pi?oft Martin Motl 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,108(3-4):463-470
We show the evaluation of ENSEMBLES regional climate models (RCMs) driven by reanalysis ERA40 over a region centered at the Czech Republic. Attention is paid especially to the model ALADIN-CLIMATE/CZ, being used as the basis of the new climate change scenarios simulation for the Czech Republic. The validation criteria used here are based on monthly or seasonal mean air temperature and precipitation. We concentrate not only on spatiotemporal mean values but also on temporal standard deviation, inter-annual variability, the mean annual cycle, and the skill of the models to represent the observed spatial patterns of these quantities. Model ALADIN-CLIMATE/CZ performs quite well in comparison to the other RCMs; we find its performance satisfactory for further use for impact studies. However, it is also shown that the results of evaluation of the RCMs’ skill in simulating observed climate strongly depend on the criteria incorporated for the evaluation. 相似文献