近十年来渤海湾围填海工程对渤海湾水交换的影响

近十年来我国海岸带地区快速城市化,对土地的需求持续高涨,导致沿海地区围海造地现象愈演愈烈,海湾纳潮海域面积持续萎缩,对海湾的水交换带来了较大压力。为此,选取我国海岸带快速城市化的典型区域——渤海湾为例,研究近十年来渤海湾海岸带城市化对渤海湾水交换的影响。基于国际流行的MIKE3水动力模型耦合粒子追踪模块,应用2000年和2010年两个典型年份的渤海湾岸线资料,分别计算了2000年和2010年渤海湾环流系统及其驱动下的水质点运移规律和变化特征。研究将渤海湾划分为8个区块,定量化研究和对比了近十年来由于渤海湾持续围填海导致的海湾水存留时间和不同区块水交换能力的变化。结果表明,随着近十年来渤海湾沿岸快速城市化产生的岸线变化,导致湾内环流涡旋增多,决定湾内水交换的流场结构发生了显著变化,导致各区块的水交换能力和平均水存留时间不仅存在较大差异,而且发生了显著的变化。与2000年相比,2010年天津港、黄骅港和曹妃甸港区海域的平均水存留时间明显增加,水交换率下降,对区域水质的改善十分不利。     

Prediction of one-dimensional compression behavior of Nansha clay using fractional derivatives

Nansha clay is an interactive marine and terrestrial deposited soft clay that is widely spread in Guangzhou, Pearl River Delta, China. To avoid excessive settlement after construction, there is a need for better quantifying the time-dependent deformation of the soft clay. This paper presents a preliminary study to predict the one-dimensional compression of Nansha clay using fractional derivatives. A fractional Merchant model was introduced to describe the time-dependent settlement, and analytical solutions were obtained in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. The oedometer test results were presented to validate this model. Compared with classical rheological models, the fractional derivative-based model enabled close estimation of the one-dimensional compression with fewer parameters. The meaning of the order of fractional derivative and its relationship with the clay physical properties were explored. It shows that a smaller value of this order corresponded to a higher coefficient of consolidation and a lower coefficient of secondary consolidation. The amplitude of both the primary and secondary consolidation of clay may be estimated quantitatively by the order of fractional derivative. Taken together, these results may open up new avenues for theoretical and empirical modeling of rheological phenomena in clay using fractional derivatives.     

Stochastic modelling of relative water permeability in vegetative soils with implications on stability of bioengineered slope

Vegetation is known to influence the hydrological state variables, suction \( \left( \psi \right) \) and volumetric water content (\( \theta_{w} \)) of soil. In addition, vegetation induces heterogeneity in the soil porous structure and consequently the relative permeability (\( k_{r} \)) of water under unsaturated conditions. The indirect method of utilising the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is commonly adopted for the determination of \( k_{r} \). In such cases, it is essential to address the stochastic behaviour of SWCC, in order to conduct a robust analysis on the \( k_{r} \) of vegetative cover. The main aim of this study is to address the uncertainties associated with \( k_{r} \), using probabilistic analysis, for vegetative covers (i.e., grass and tree species) with bare cover as control treatment. We propose two approaches to accomplish the aforesaid objective. The univariate suction approach predicts the probability distribution functions of \( {\text{k}}_{\text{r}} \), on the basis of identified best probability distribution of suction. The bivariate suction and water content approach deals with the bivariate modelling of the water content and suction (SWCC), in order to capture the randomness in the permeability curves, due to presence of vegetation. For this purpose, the dependence structure of \( \psi \) and \( \theta_{w} \) is established via copula theory, and the \( k_{r} \) curves are predicted with respect to varying levels of \( \psi - \theta_{w} \) correlation. The results showed that the \( k_{r} \) of vegetative covers is substantially lower than that in bare covers. The reduction in \( k_{r} \) with drying is more in tree cover than grassed cover, since tree roots induce higher levels of suction. Moreover, the air entry value of the soil depends on the magnitude of \( \psi - \theta_{w} \) correlation, which in turn, is influenced by the type of vegetation in the soil. \( k_{r} \) is found to be highly uncertain in the desaturation zone of the relative permeability curve. The stochastic behaviour of \( k_{r} \) is found to be most significant in tree covers. Finally, a simplified case study is also presented in order to demonstrate the impact of the uncertainty in \( k_{r} \), on the stability of vegetates slopes. With an increment in the parameter \( \alpha \), factor of safety (FS) is found to decrease. The trend of FS is reverse of this with parameter \( n \). Overall FS is found to vary around 4–5%, for both bare and vegetative slopes.     

Correlations of SMR-Qslope Data in Stability Classification of Discontinuous Rock Slope: A Modified Relationship Considering the Iranian Data

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The preliminary responses on stability assessment are very effective in discontinuous rock slope stabilisations, which geo-mechanical empirical...     

东北典型黑土区土壤风蚀环境分析

根据1951~2000年的日平均风速、气温和降水数据以及1980~2000年的沙尘暴资料,分析东北典型黑土区的风蚀环境。结果表明,东北典型黑土区6个气象站点1~5月平均气温50年来显著升高,1~5月总降水量没有明显变化趋势。嫩江年大风日数1980年以来比1950~1960年多,年沙尘暴日数也有所上升,土壤风蚀环境趋于严重;哈尔滨等5地风蚀环境减弱。典型黑土区土壤风蚀环境在整个东北地区处于中等状态。     

Distributed fiber optic monitoring and stability analysis of a model slope under surcharge loading

In the discipline of geotechnical engineering, fiber optic sensor based distributed monitoring has played an increasingly important role over the past few decades. Compared with conventional sensors, fiber optic sensors have a variety of exclusive advantages, such as smaller size, higher precision, and better corrosion resistance. These innovative monitoring technologies have been successfully applied for performance monitoring of geo-structures and early warning of potential geo- hazards around the world. In order to investigate their ability to monitor slope stability problems, a medium-sized model of soil nailed slope has been constructed in laboratory. The fully distributed Brillouin optical time-domain analysis （BOTDA） sensing technology was employed to measure the horizontal strain distributions inside the model slope. During model construction, a specially designed strain sensing fiber was buried in the soil mass. Afterward, the surcharge loading was applied on the slope crest in stages using hydraulic jacks and a reaction frame. During testing, an NBX-6o5o BOTDA sensing interrogator was used to collect the fiber optic sensing data. The test results have been analyzed in detail, which shows that the fiber optic sensors can capture the progressive deformation and failure pattern of the model slope. The limit equilibrium analyses were also conducted to obtain the factors ofsafety of the slope under different surface loadings. It is found that the characteristic maximum strains can reflect the stability of the model slope and an empirical relationship was obtained, This study verified the effectiveness of the distributed BOTDA sensing technology in performance monitoring of slope.     

国家自然科学基金共享航次计划固定调查断面概述

基于科考船的海洋调查是获取海洋变化第一手资料的重要方式,是孕育海洋科学原创成果的基础。2009年以来,国家自然科学基金共享航次计划实施情况表明,研究项目所需的海上调查“船时”和观测数据得以共享,但不同年份之间同一海域的站位设置及其观测方案变化较大,缺乏相对固定的调查断面研究。为进一步提升国家自然科学基金的资助成效,加强海洋过程的长期变化规律研究,自2020年起国家自然科学基金共享航次计划规划设置了34条固定调查断面,其中10余条固定断面调查要求已在随后的年度申请指南中发布。基于顶层设计思想提出的固定调查断面遵循了“突出重点、承前启后;科学引领、绩效为本;统筹兼顾、分步实施”的设置原则。其中,近海固定断面以生物多样性丰富、生产力水平较高、陆海相互作用强烈、受气候变化和人类活动双重干扰、资源环境问题突出的海域为重点,聚焦近海生态系统健康与服务功能维持、陆海相互作用的资源环境效应等关键科学问题;深远海固定断面则以对全球变化响应敏感、与我国海洋环境和气候变化关联紧密、海洋防灾减灾需求强烈的西太平洋和东印度洋海域为重点,聚焦地球系统多圈层相互作用、极端海洋环境与生命过程等关键科学问题。文章详细介...