济宁地区水稻生产与气象因子关系分析

利用济宁市３１年的水稻产量和气象资料，分析了水稻生产的不同气候年型、产量与气象因子的关系，找出了影响产量变异的着急时期和主导气象因子及其时间变化规律，并探讨了相应的对策措施。     

Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance

Rapakivi granite is a very rare and special type of rocks in the crust. Nearly all the typical Proterozoic rapakivi occurred in stable craton, and was regarded as representing special anorogenic settings and rifting events of the supercontinents. Therefore, rapakivi has constantly been attracting the attention of researchers from various countries[15]. For example, the Protero- zoic rapakivi granites occurring in Miyun, Beijing, has been studied in detail by the researchers both at home and …     

二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气地球化学特征及气源分析——以四川盆地成都—简阳地区永探1井为例

2018年12月底,在四川盆地二叠系火山岩发育地区部署的风险探井永探1井测试获得22.5万m³/d的高产工业气流,实现了二叠系火山碎屑岩的重大勘探突破,展现了火山碎屑岩气藏的巨大勘探潜力。本文根据该钻井成果资料,应用分析化验数据,采用不同地区气-气对比方法,开展了成都—简阳地区天然气地球化学特征分析、源-储接触关系解剖及气源综合对比。在此基础上,对二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气成因进行了鉴别,对天然气来源进行了判识。结果表明：永探1井火山岩气藏天然气均为典型的干气,干燥系数达0.997,CH₄质量分数高,平均为99.03%,C₂H₆质量分数低,平均为0.35%,C₃H₈几乎没有,不含H₂S;天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素值均较轻,甲烷碳同位素平均值为-32.17‰,乙烷碳同位素平均值为-34.27‰,且岩心及镜下可见大量残余沥青,天然气成因鉴别分析表明永探1井火山岩气藏天然气为原油二次裂解气;通过源-储接触关系解剖以及天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素对比分析,表明永探1井火山碎屑岩气藏天然气主要来源于德阳—安岳台内裂陷内发育的巨厚下寒武统筇竹寺组优质烃源岩,部分来源于中二叠统。     

空间正义视角下乡村权的概念框架与比较研究

“乡村权”概念是近年空间正义研究在乡村地域进行理论延伸与实践检验的新领域,其通过揭示以土地为空间媒介的乡村权利剥夺现象,批判性分析乡村空间资源分配和空间生产过程中出现的非正义问题。延续激进地理学视角,文章聚焦“乡村土地”与“村民身份”两大问题,基于突尼斯、印度、黎巴嫩等南方国家,以及英国、法国、意大利等北方国家的案例,揭示村民在生产、生活及意识层面所处的非正义境况（即“被迫非农化”）,并探寻村民为寻求空间正义所采取的个人或集体抗争方式（即“自发再农化”）。通过案例比较发现：1）南方国家与北方国家的乡村案例表现出的被迫非农化现象具有共性,其本质都是资本剥削导致的乡村土地和村民身份被剥夺;2）南方和北方国家的自发再农化手段存在差异,南方国家的村民主要采取法律途径或极端方式,北方国家则依托自上而下的国家政策保障与自下而上的地方能力建设。进而,归纳出乡村权三大内涵,即“占有权（拥有农地并进行农业生产）”“定居权（以村民的生活方式生活在乡村）”“参与权（自主决定是否非农化）”。最后,建议在中国乡村振兴中,通过科学知识共享、社区学习与合作等方式提升村民自身能力,实现村民在乡村空间占有、定居、参与的...     

柴北缘元古宙鹰峰环斑花岗岩及其共生岩石的地球化学特征、成因及地质意义

中元古代鹰峰岩体的主体是环斑花岗岩,与其共生的岩石有石英闪长岩-奥长花岗岩和辉绿岩。环斑花岗岩高碱（Na2O＋K2O=8.49%～9.39%）、富钾（K2O/Na2O=1.12～1.43）,铝近饱和,高铁镁比值[（ΣFeO）/MgO=4.91～7.19];富Rb、Ba、Ga、Th、Zr、Nb、Ta,贫Cr、Ni、V;高ΣREE（392.24×10-6～594.76×10-6）,稀土元素强分异[（La/Lu）N=12.67～17.09],弱铕负异常（δEu=0.58～0.78）,显示碱性花岗岩的特征,与密云环斑花岗岩相似。石英闪长岩-奥长花岗岩具钙碱性系列岩石的特征;与环斑花岗岩相比,其Rb、Ba、Ga、Nb、Ta、Th、Hf、Zr低,而Ni、Cr、V高;ΣREE较低（ΣREE=77.04×10^-6～129.85×10^-6）,轻重稀土分异明显,但（La/Lu）N的比值较小（11.62～14.06）,铕异常更弱（δEu=0.69～0.93）。辉绿岩具低碱、高ΣFeO的特征,属拉斑玄武质,与洋中脊拉斑玄武岩相比,K2O等不相容元素高,具大陆拉斑玄武质的特征。辉绿岩的ISr（1776Ma）为0.7066,εNd（1776Ma）为＋3.6,环斑花岗岩的ISr（1776Ma）为0.7181,εNd（1776Ma）为-5.5,显示辉绿岩起源于年轻的地幔,花岗质岩浆主要源自古老的地壳。综合分析显示,这些侵入岩形成于伸展背景,是北半球中元古代非造山环斑花岗岩的成员之一,在加里东期卷入到柴北缘造山带的古老地壳中。这在世界上提供了一个古老克拉通及环斑花岗岩卷入古生代造山带的一个实例。     

The Third Editorial Committee of Earth Science Frontiers A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO OVERSEA MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD

位于青藏高原东北缘的多福屯第三纪火山岩，为钠质基性火山岩系。该火山岩（La／Yb）N值在6—11，∑REE平均为117，样品普遍具有不相容元素富集、Pb亏损以及弱的Nb、Ta正异常，Nb／U和Ce／Pb平均值分别为30和17；样品的87^Sr／^86Sr值为0．7041～O．7069，Nd初始值为0．5129（εNd（t）=6），△^207Pb／^240Pb和△^208Pb／^204Pb分别在11～19和73-84之间，结合高的Sr初始值，表现了特征的Dupal（高放射成因铅）异常。地球化学特征表明，该火山岩属于似OIB性质的陆内火山岩，源区具有DM与EMⅡ混合特点。个别岩石表现出明显陆壳混染的迹象。火山岩源区特征反映了OIB类岩石的复杂性，可能由区域原、古特提斯地幔继承而来，因而是原地的和固有的，并非与青藏高原物质向东挤出有关。通过与邻区同时代火山岩的对比推断，整个高原东北缘新生代火山岩幔源区具有小尺度的不均一性。高原东北缘新生代火山岩的发育可能与较大规模的贺兰-川滇南北复合构造有关。     

Volume Height Estimation based on Fusion of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Least Square (LS) in a Tomographic SAR Application

Tomographic-SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a 3D Radar imaging technique, based on spectral estimation tools. This technique is used to estimate the distribution of the backscattering signal in the elevation axis, for each azimuth-range resolution cell of the SAR image. Spectral estimation algorithms belong to two families, non parametric estimation algorithms which include DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform), SVD (Single Value Decomposition), MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), CAPON and parametric estimation algorithms such as LS (Least Square) and ESPRIT (Estimation of signal parameters via rotation invariance techniques). In this paper we present an inversion algorithm based on the fusion of DFT and LS for the estimation of the reflectivity signal along the elevation axis. With an appropriate combination of these two algorithms and a realistic modeling of the signal distribution, we obtain a high resolution estimate of the reflectivity signal with medium computational effort. The inversion algorithm is tested on a forested area (Västerbotten in northern Sweden), with multibaseline data set acquired in L-band (BioSAR-2008 project). Results are promising with the proposed algorithm. We used MUSIC and RVoG (Random Volume over Ground) inversions for comparison and LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging) image as datasets for validation of the results.     

鄂西黄陵隆起东缘鄂宜页2井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层特征与含气性

鄂西地区五峰组-龙马溪组已成为中国南方页岩气勘探的热点领域。为深化该区页岩储层及含气性特征认识,本文以鄂宜页2井钻井及测试分析资料为基础,以笔石带为标尺,对五峰组-龙马溪组下部黑色富有机质页岩的岩石学特征、有机地化特征、储集空间类型及结构特征进行深入研究,分析总结了页岩储层含气性特征及影响因素,并对页岩储层开展了综合评价。结果表明：鄂宜页2井五峰组-龙马溪组下部黑色岩系缺失LM5-LM6笔石带,富有机质页岩上延至LM7笔石带,总厚度约16 m;岩性以硅质页岩夹少量硅质岩、混合质页岩和黏土质页岩为主,有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型,Ro为1.88%~2.03%,显示黑色页岩已过大量生气阶段;页岩储集空间主要为小于100 nm的有机质纳米孔、直径大于5 μm的微米孔和构造微裂缝,其中纳米孔占比超过50%,孔隙容积、比表面积与有机碳含量存在显著正相关性;现场解析总含气量为0.068~3.33 m³/t,平均1.13 m³/t,高含气量段集中于凯迪阶WF2-WF3与鲁丹阶LM2-LM4,含气量与TOC、脆性矿物含量之间具有明显的正相关性;根据TOC、含气性、脆性矿物含量以及页岩沉积环境等参数进行综合评价,Ⅰ类储层主要对应于凯迪阶WF2-WF3笔石带以及鲁丹阶LM2-LM4笔石带以深水环境下形成的硅质页岩和硅质岩层段,总厚度约9 m,是该区五峰-龙马溪组水平钻井的最佳甜点段。     

塔里木盆地和田河气田周缘寒武系盐下白云岩油气勘探潜力分析

塔里木盆地塔西南地区和田河气田周缘寒武系中统发育厚层膏盐岩,其下白云岩溶蚀裂缝-孔洞型储层发育条件好。多个层系具备烃源岩发育条件,除寒武系下统玉尔吐斯组外,震旦系、南华系也是可能的重要生油层系,油气资源丰富。盐下发育多个规模较大的构造圈闭,且由于膏盐岩层的滑脱作用,断裂很难断穿盐层,后期保存条件好。因此,寒武系中统膏盐岩与下伏白云岩组成本区重要的储盖组合,勘探领域具有非常好的前景。     

Analyses of trends and causes for variations in runoff and sediment load of the Yellow River

Due to the impacts of globe climate change and human activities, dramatic variations in runoff and sediment load were observed for the Yellow River. Analyses of nearly 65 years' data measured at main hydrologic-stations on the Yellow River from 1950 to 2014 indicated that, except for the Tangnaihai station in the head region, sharp downward trends existed in both the annual runoff and annual sedi-ment load according to the Mann–Kendal trend test;and their abrupt changes occurred in 1986 and in 1980, respectively, according to the rank sum test. Factors affecting the changes in the runoff and sediment load were very complicated. Results indicated that the reducing precipitation and the increasing water consumption were the main causes for the runoff decline, while the impoundment of the Longyangxia Reservoir and its combined operation with the Liujiaxia Reservoir exerted a direct bearing on the abrupt change in the annual runoff. In addition to the sediment load decrease associated with the runoff reduction, the reduced storm intensity, the conducted soil erosion control, and the constructed dam buildings all played an important role in the trends and abrupt changes of sediment load decline.