几种典型近地表有限导体瞬变电磁特征响应研究

近地表有限导体的瞬变电磁响应中包含其形状、结构特征,如何建立这些特征与其响应之间的关系是近地表有限导体探测与识别的核心问题.本文建立了几种典型有限导体响应的三维感应偶极子模型,通过有限导体早期幂函数衰减的幅度与速率、晚期指数衰减的幅度与时间常数共四个模型参数表征有限导体的形状和结构特征,利用最小二乘拟合算法提取这些模型参数,揭示有限导体的形状、结构特征与模型参数之间的内在联系.理论与实验研究结果表明:具有绕球心旋转对称性的球形目标体,其三维感应偶极子响应完全相同,早期响应呈幂函数衰减,晚期呈e指数衰减,信号幅度和时间常数均能很好反映球体半径与材料特性;具有绕轴旋转对称性目标体,其三维感应偶极子响应部分相同,早期幂函数衰减的幅度与速率主要体现目标体的长度特征,晚期e指数衰减的时间常数体现了目标体的外径与壁厚特征;非轴对称性目标体,其三维感应偶极子响应均不相同,各个感应偶极子参数差异较大.本文的研究对提高瞬变电磁系统区分轴对称目标体与金属碎片能力,降低系统探测虚警率具有重要意义.     

静水压力诱导牙鲆( Paralichthys olivaceus)四倍体的条件优化

采用静水压力抑制受精卵第一次卵裂的方法,进行了诱导牙鲆四倍体的研究。结果表明,将受精卵保持在(15.5±0.5)℃,从受精后70min开始用55MPa的压力处理6min后,正常仔鱼孵化率最高达到15.6%,此时的四倍体诱导率也最高达到63.3%。利用获得的最佳诱导条件处理获得了数千尾体长8—15cm的幼鱼,流式细胞仪检测和红血球长径测量结果显示,处理组幼鱼中四倍体约占13.3%,说明四倍体培育成功。该成果为开展牙鲆多倍体育种奠定了基础。     

青藏高原东部的Pn波层析成像研究

利用INDEPTH/ASCENT台阵和其它布设在青藏高原的流动宽频带地震仪数据,反演了青藏高原东部和周边区域的上地幔顶层Pn波速度以及台站延迟.研究区域的平均Pn波速度是8.1 km/s,略高于中国大陆的平均Pn波速度.低速区主要分布在羌塘地块的西部和松潘-甘孜地块,高温异常的岩石圈上地幔很可能是导致这一低速区的原因.班公-怒江缝合带东端区域的Pn波速度达到8.35 km/s,这一高速区可能与向北俯冲的印度板块(东端)有关.另一Pn波高速区分布在祁连山和昆仑山之间,主要由柴达木盆地和共和盆地及其周边地区,两个并不完全连续的高速异常区组成,它可能对应于特提斯洋闭合时北部增生的克拉通地体;在后来的欧亚板块与印度板块的碰撞中,这一地体有可能阻挡了青藏高原向北的生长.相对密集的台站提供了高分辨率的速度结构横向分布和地壳厚度变化.台站延迟显示青藏高原北部和东部的地壳存在显著的减薄--松潘-甘孜地块东北缘的地壳厚度仅为约50 km,而羌塘地块东部唐古拉山地壳最厚,达到75 km,这可能是由于印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的羌塘地块内部变形增厚所致.     

卵胎生鱼许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii) 雌亲家系的微卫星鉴

本研究利用17对微卫星标记对4个许氏平雌本所生家系进行初步鉴别。结果表明,17个位点在家系#1中可以获得的雄亲等位基因数为1—2个,家系#2扩增的雄亲等位基因数为2—5个,另外2个家系中扩增的雄亲等位基因数为2—4个,未出现6个以上等位基因的情况,初步断定,家系#1为一雌一雄交尾的全同胞家系,家系#3和#4是一雌二雄交尾的半同胞家系,而家系#2为一雌三雄交尾的半同胞家系。本文结果可为今后建立以家系为基础的许氏平遗传图谱构建、生产性状的遗传力估算及选择育种体系建立提供一定的理论基础和技术支撑。     

Sensitivity of Precipitation in Aqua-Planet Experiments with an AGCM

The sensitivity of precipitation was studied by conducting control aqua-planet experiments(APEs) with a model to determine atmospheric general circulation.The model includes two versions: that with a spectral dynamical core(SAMIL) and that with a finite-volume dynamical core(FAMIL).Three factors were investigated including dynamical core,time-step length,and horizontal resolution.Numerical results show that the dynamical core significantly affects the structure of zonal averaged precipitation.FAMIL exhibited an equatorial precipitation belt with a single narrow peak,and SAMIL showed a broader belt with double peaks.Moreover,the time step of the model physics is shown to affect the zonal-averaged tropical convective precipitation ratio such that a longer time step leads to more production and consumption of convective available potential energy and convection initiated away from the equator,which corresponds to equatorial double peaks of precipitation.Further,precipitation is determined to be sensitive to horizontal resolution such that higher horizontal resolution allows for more small-scale kinetic energy to be resolved and leads to a broader probability distribution of low-level vertical velocity.This process results in heavier rainfall and convective precipitation extremes in the tropics.Abstract The sensitivity of precipitation was studied by conducting control aqua-planet experiments(APEs)with a model to determine atmospheric general circulation.The model includes two versions:that with a spectral dynamical core(SAMIL)and that with a finite-volume dynamical core(FAMIL).Three factors were investigated including dynamical core,time-step length,and horizontal resolution.Numerical results show that the dynamical core significantly affects the structure of zonal averaged precipitation.FAMIL exhibited an equatorial precipitation belt with a single narrow peak,and SAMIL showed a broader belt with double peaks.Moreover,the time step of the model physics is shown to affect the zonal-averaged tropical convective precipitation ratio such that a longer time step leads to more production and consumption of convective available potential energy and convection initiated away from the equator,which corresponds to equatorial double peaks of precipitation.Further,precipitation is determined to be sensitive to horizontal resolution such that higher horizontal resolution allows for more small-scale kinetic energy to be resolved and leads to a broader probability distribution of low-level vertical velocity.This process results in heavier rainfall and convective precipitation extremes in the tropics.     

华北克拉通中部地区背景噪声成像

利用华北地区的流动与固定地震观测台阵在2007年1月～12月期间的垂直分量记录,采用背景噪声层析成像方法获得了华北克拉通中部地区6～40 s的相速度和群速度分布图像.成像结果显示研究区地壳以及上地幔的速度结构存在很大的横向不均匀性.8～16 s的相速度以及8～20 s的群速度分布图像清晰地勾绘出华北地区盆地和隆起之间的...     

Sensitivity of Precipitation in Aqua-Planet Experiments with an AGCM简

The sensitivity of precipitation was studied by conducting control aqua-planet experiments（APEs） with a model to determine atmospheric general circulation.The model includes two versions： that with a spectral dynamical core（SAMIL） and that with a finite-volume dynamical core（FAMIL）.Three factors were investigated including dynamical core,time-step length,and horizontal resolution.Numerical results show that the dynamical core significantly affects the structure of zonal averaged precipitation.FAMIL exhibited an equatorial precipitation belt with a single narrow peak,and SAMIL showed a broader belt with double peaks.Moreover,the time step of the model physics is shown to affect the zonal-averaged tropical convective precipitation ratio such that a longer time step leads to more production and consumption of convective available potential energy and convection initiated away from the equator,which corresponds to equatorial double peaks of precipitation.Further,precipitation is determined to be sensitive to horizontal resolution such that higher horizontal resolution allows for more small-scale kinetic energy to be resolved and leads to a broader probability distribution of low-level vertical velocity.This process results in heavier rainfall and convective precipitation extremes in the tropics.Abstract The sensitivity of precipitation was studied by conducting control aqua-planet experiments（APEs）with a model to determine atmospheric general circulation.The model includes two versions：that with a spectral dynamical core（SAMIL）and that with a finite-volume dynamical core（FAMIL）.Three factors were investigated including dynamical core,time-step length,and horizontal resolution.Numerical results show that the dynamical core significantly affects the structure of zonal averaged precipitation.FAMIL exhibited an equatorial precipitation belt with a single narrow peak,and SAMIL showed a broader belt with double peaks.Moreover,the time step of the model physics is shown to affect the zonal-averag     

山西断陷带地壳结构的接收函数研究

利用2006年8月到2008年3月北京大学在山西断陷带南部架设的两条东西向流动观测地震台阵记录的远震资料,提取各台站接收函数,然后进行倾斜叠加(Slant stack)和台阵偏移成像,获得了沿台阵横穿山西断陷带的地壳和上地幔的精细结构变化.研究结果显示,山西断陷带下面莫霍面存在明显不连续,莫霍面上隆约4~6 km,纵横波速比从两侧的1.75上升为山西断陷带内部2.0左右,且中、下地壳可能存在一个低速层.山西断陷带的构造模式沿相距140 km的两条剖面表现出明显差异:南端的临汾盆地为拉张作用下的纯剪切模式,向北转化为太原盆地的简单剪切模式.     

许氏平鲉三种促性腺激素释放激素基因的启动子克隆及生物信息学分析

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)是1种在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad,HPG)的活动中发挥关键作用的神经激素。研究采用染色体步移方法,从许氏平鲉的肌肉组织中克隆得到GnRH1、GnRH2和GnRH3共3个基因的启动子序列,长度分别为4,3.5和2.5kb。利用在线生物信息学软件对这3个GnRH基因的启动子进行预测分析,结果表明,3个基因均存在Sp1,Oct-1,C/EBP,CREB,Pit-1,NF-1,Brn,GATA-1,USF和MyoD等转录因子的结合位点,以及糖皮质激素受体(GR),雄激素受体(AR),雌激素受体(ER),黄体酮受体(PR),视黄酸受体(RAR)和视黄醇受体(RXR)等核受体的结合位点,推测其对GnRH的调控起到关键作用。但是甲状腺激素受体(TR)和嗅觉相关的Olf-1的结合位点只在GnRH1和GnRH2基因启动子中发现,而在GnRH3中没有预测出。本研究结果表明许氏平鮋不同类型的GnRH是受不同的机制调控的,从而在生理过程中发挥着不同的作用。     

青藏高原东部和周边地区地壳速度结构的背景噪声层析成像

利用连续地震背景噪声记录和互相关技术获得瑞利面波格林函数,进而反演获得了青藏高原东部和周边地区的地壳三维速度结构.地震数据源于北京大学宽频带流动观测地震台阵,国家数字测震台网数据备分中心提供的部分固定台站的连续记录及INDEPTH IV宽频带流动观测地震台阵.首先对观测数据进行处理和分析取得所有可能台站对的面波经验格林函数和瑞利波相速度频散曲线,反演得到了观测台阵下方周期从6~60s的瑞利波相速度异常分布图像.并且进一步反演获得研究区域三维剪切波速度结构和莫霍面深度分布.短周期(6~14s)相速度异常分布与地表地质构造特征吻合较好,在青藏高原和四川盆地之间存在一个明显的南北向转换带.而本文最重要的结果是周期大于25s的相速度异常分布图像显示,以昆仑断裂带为界,柴达木盆地和祁连山脉地区呈现与青藏高原截然不同的中地壳速度结构,反而与青藏高原东缘地区和川滇菱形块体速度结构相似.反演获得的剪切波速度在27.5~45km深度的切片也明显地揭示:青藏高原的松潘—甘孜地块和羌塘地块呈现均一的低速层;然而,柴达木盆地和祁连山脉地区则呈现较强的横向不均匀性,尤其是柴达木盆地的高速异常和四川盆地的高速异常相对应.这些结果为前人提出的青藏高原东北向台阶式增长模式提供了重要的地震学观测证据.与全球一维平均速度模型(AK135)相比较发现,本文测量和反演获得的研究区域内平均相速度和剪切波速度都比AK135模型慢很多,尤其是青藏高原的中地壳(25~40km)剪切波速度显著低于全球平均速度模型.进一步的层析成像反演证实松潘—甘孜和羌塘地块中地壳(27.5~45km)呈现大范围均一的低速层,为青藏高原可能存在大规模中下地壳"层流"提供地震学观测证据.在祁连山脉的27.5~45km深度观测到的明显低速异常体可能对应于该造山带下地幔岩浆活动导致的底侵作用,表明引起该地区地壳增厚的主要机制可能是来自地幔岩浆的底侵作用.