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1.
In this study,effects of elevated air temperatures on thermal and hydrologic process of the shallow soil in the active layer were investigated. Open-top chambers(OTCs)were utilized to increase air temperatures 1-2℃ in OTC-1 and 3-5℃ in OTC-2 in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau.Results show that the annual air temperatures under OTC-1 and OTC-2 were 1.21℃ and 3.62℃ higher than the Control,respectively.The entirely-frozen period of shallow soil in the active layer was shortened and the fully thawed period was prolonged with temperature increase.The maximum penetration depth and duration of the negative isotherm during the entirely-frozen period decreased, and soil freezing was retarded in the local scope of the soil profile when temperature increased.Meanwhile, the positive isotherm during the fully-thawed period increased,and the soil thawing was accelerated.Soil moisture under different manipulations decreased with the temperature increase at the same depth. During the early freezing period and the early fully- thawed period,the maximum soil moisture under the Control manipulation was at 0.2 m deep,whereas under OTC-1 and OTC-2 manipulations,the maximum soil moisture were at 0.4-0.5 m deep. These results indicate that elevated temperatures led to a decrease of the moisture in the surface soil.The coupled relationship between soil temperature and moisture was significantly affected by the temperature increase.During the freezing and thawing processes, the soil temperature and moisture under different manipulations fit the regression model given by the equationθV=a/{1+exp[b(TS+c)]}+d. 相似文献
2.
Chen Longxun Gao Suhu Zhao Zongci Ren Zhenhai Tian Guangsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1990,4(4):464-474
Tne global change of climate and its influence on the cropping system in China have been investigatedin this paper.It is found that the temperature was increased during the last decade and the precipitationdecreased in northern China and increased in southern China during the last 30 years.The sea level hasbeen rising by about 21—26 cm in the coastal areas south of 30°N in China during the last 100 years.The most of results as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs)show that the temperature increasewould amount to about 2°—4°C in the most parts of China and precipitation and soil moisture might bedecreased in northern China and increased in sourthern China due to doubling of carbon dioxide(CO_2).The effects of doubled CO_2 on growth period and climatic yield capability in China have been estimatedroughly.It is shown that the regions of the growth period in China would be moved northward about fivedegrees latitude and the climatic yield capability might be increased by about 10% in the most parts of China. 相似文献
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针对2004年5月26日-2005年10月15日盘锦湿地芦苇生态系统碳通量、感热通量和潜热通量资料进行分析。结果表明:芦苇湿地具有较强的碳汇作用;2005年芦苇湿地固定二氧化碳为13.32 t/hm2,日平均感热通量和潜热通量分别为2 464 kJ/m2和3 880 kJ/m2。2004年和2005年6~9月的日累积值波文比平均值均为0.15。芦苇湿地碳通量、感热通量和潜热通量的日动态呈单峰单谷型变化,极值出现在中午前后,夜间线形平直。芦苇生长季白天通量绝对值远较夜间大,白天碳吸收,夜间碳排放。CO2浓度年平均日变化曲线亦为单谷单峰型,夜间浓度较高且逐渐升高,直到日出前达到峰值;日出后急剧下降,傍晚又开始逐渐增加。芦苇湿地感热通量昼正夜负,潜热通量与林地不同,全天为正。各通量季节变化明显,冬季CO2通量日变化不明显,趋近于零;感热通量总体向上输送,春季数值较大,生长季数值较小;潜热通量冬季最小,接近0,春季开始显著增加,生长季达到最大。 相似文献
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Hongchang Hu Genxu Wang Guangsheng Liu Taibing Li Dongxing Ren Yibo Wang Huiyan Cheng Junfeng Wang 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1391-1397
The alpine ecosystem is very sensitive to environmental change due to global and local disturbances. The alpine ecosystem
degradation, characterized by reducing vegetation coverage or biomass, has been occurring in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which
alters local energy balance, and water and biochemical cycles. However, detailed characterization of the ecosystem degradation
effect is lack in literature. In this study, the impact of alpine ecosystem degradation on soil temperature for seasonal frozen
soil and permafrost are examined. The vegetation coverage is used to indicate the degree of ecosystems degradation. Daily
soil temperature is monitored at different depths for different vegetation coverage, for both permafrost and seasonal frozen
soils. Results show that under the insulating effort of the vegetation, the freezing and thawing process become quicker and
steeper, and the start of the freezing and thawing process moves up due to the insulating effort of the vegetation. The influence
of vegetation coverage on the freezing process is more evident than the thawing process; with the decrease of vegetation coverage,
the integral of frozen depth increases for seasonal frozen soil, but is vice versa for permafrost. 相似文献
7.
Chinese temperate grasslands play an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Based on the parameterization and validation of Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM, Version 5.0), we analyzed the carbon budgets of Chinese temperate grasslands and their responses to historical atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate variability during 1951–2007. The results indicated that Chinese temperate grassland acted as a slight carbon sink with annual mean value of 7.3 T?g C, ranging from -80.5 to 79.6 T?g C yr-1. Our sensitivity experiments further revealed that precipitation variability was the primary factor for decreasing carbon storage. CO2 fertilization may increase the carbon storage (1.4 %) but cannot offset the proportion caused by climate variability (-15.3 %). Impacts of CO2 concentration, temperature and precipitation variability on Chinese temperate grassland cannot be simply explained by the sum of the individual effects. Interactions among them increased total carbon storage of 56.6 T?g C which 14.2 T?g C was stored in vegetation and 42.4 T?g C was stored in soil. Besides, different grassland types had different responses to climate change and CO2 concentration. NPP and RH of the desert and forest steppes were more sensitive to precipitation variability than temperature variability while the typical steppe responded to temperature variability more sensitively than the desert and forest steppes. 相似文献
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9.
高光谱遥感技术监测作物含水量是了解作物生长状况的重要技术。为实现夏玉米不同生育期叶片和冠层含水量的快速、精细化、无损监测,本文基于2014年和2015年的6—10月华北夏玉米不同生育期不同灌水量干旱模拟试验数据构建了植被水分指数(WI,MSI,GVMI)、复比指数(WNV和WCG)和红边反射率曲线面积(Darea)的夏玉米冠层等效水厚度(EWTC)和叶片可燃物含水量(FMC)的反演模型。结果表明:6个指标反演夏玉米三叶期的EWTC模型均未达到0.05显著性水平,三叶期后各指标反演EWTC模型均达到0.01的显著性水平,且总体而言模型精度从高到低为抽雄期、拔节期、灌浆期、成熟期和七叶期。6个指标反演七叶期和拔节期的FMC均达到0.01显著性水平。因此,同一光谱指标反演夏玉米不同生育期叶片和冠层含水量的精度差异较大。光谱指标反演夏玉米叶片和冠层含水量指标的精度与夏玉米生育期有很大关系,进而提出了夏玉米不同生育期含水量反演模型。研究结果可为准确模拟夏玉米不同生育期含水量提供技术支撑。 相似文献
10.
Triassic alkaline intrusives in the Yanliao-Yinshan area: their chronology, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics and their implication 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Guohan Yan Baolei Mu Baoliang Xu Guoqi He Linkun Tan Hui Zhao Zhongfu He Renhu Zhang Guangsheng Qiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(6):582-587
Dated isotopic ages for 15 alkaline intrusives in the Yanliao-Yinshan area, ranging from 268 to 190 Ma, ten of which are from
250 to 208 Ma, indicate that most of them were formed in the Triassic Epoch. All the ENd(t) ratios from - 17.19 to -3.21 averaging -7.09, the ESr(t) ratios fmm 11.7 to71.5 averaging 36.63, and the Isr(t) ratios from 0.705 0 to 0.709 3 averaging 0.706 8, show their characteristics of enrichment. On the ENd
(t) virus ESr(t) correlation diagram, the samples from these intmsives were plotted within the enriched mantle trend lines and just outside,
demonstrating their close connection to materials from the enriched mantle reservoir, taking into account the same Pb isotopic
composition as that of the mantle. 相似文献