Large-Eddy Simulation and Parameterization of Decaying Turbulence in the Evening Transition of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This study presents the results of large-eddy simulation (LES) of the evening transition in the atmospheric boundary layer in the case of free...     

Numerical simulation of stably stratified turbulent flows over flat and urban surfaces

Stably stratified turbulent flows over surfaces with explicit roughness elements simulating an urban built-up area have been calculated using an LES model. A method of conducting numerical experiments allowing turbulent flows with specified values of the Obukhov scale L to reach a quasisteady state at the surface has been proposed. It has been shown that, to calculate both temperature and wind-velocity profiles over such objects, one can use the same universal dependences that are used for a flat surface. It has been found that stable stratification does not affect the roughness parameter z _0u and the displacement height D.     

Age and source material of the Kingash ultramafic-mafic massif,East Sayan

The REE distribution patterns and Nd whole-rock and mineral isotope ratios of the Kingash ultramafic-mafic massif enabled us to propose a multistage history for its evolution at 1410 and 875 Ma. These stages reflect the magmatic evolution of the Siberian paleocontinent margin during the Late Precambrian. The age of metamorphism of the massif during collision and accretion in the Early Paleozoic (∼500 Ma) was obtained based on a Sm-Nd mineral isochron from rheomorphic veined albitite. The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of rocks from the Kingash massif suggest mantle sources for picritic and basic magmas, which are thought to have originated by mixing of different proportions of depleted (PREMA or DM) and enriched (EM) melts. The initial isotope ratios of the parental melts transformed during interaction with Sr-rich material from the host metasedimentary complexes.     

Layered Structure of Stably Stratified Turbulent Shear Flows

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Data of a numerical simulation of a stably stratified turbulent Couette flow are analyzed for various values of the Richardson number. Two different...     

Models of Climate,Geophysical Boundary Layers,and the Active Land Layer: In Memory of V. N. Lykosov

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper is dedicated to the memory of Vasily Nikolaevich Lykosov, a prominent Russian scientist and a specialist in the field of mathematical...     

Modeling a neutrally stratified turbulent air flow over a horizontal rough surface

The neutrally stratified boundary layer over a smooth rough surface is consider. The turbulent flow is simulated using a finite-difference eddy-resolving model of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The model includes different turbulence closure schemes and numerical approximations for advection components of the momentum balance equation. We investigate the quality of reproduction of spectral characteristics of the turbulent flow and the model’s capabilities to reproduce the observed profile of mean wind velocity near the rough surface. It is shown that the best result is obtained by coupling a numerical scheme of higher order of accuracy with a mixed closure scheme based on an adaptive estimation of the mixing length for subgrid-scale fluctuations. Here, we are able to reproduce the asymptotics of the fluctuation spectrum of the longitudinal component of wind velocity near the surface and within the boundary layer as well as the logarithmic profile of mean velocity near the surface.     

Numerical modeling of turbulent flows over an urban-type surface: Computations for neutral stratification

Computations of turbulent flows over surfaces with explicitly specified roughness elements that imitate an urban built-up area have been performed using a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Results are presented for neutral stratification. Some statistics of the flow over an inhomogeneous surface are compared with those over a flat surface. Results of spectral analysis performed to identify characteristic length scales are discussed. A relation is established between the Prandtl mixing length and the turbulence scale defined through the cospectrum-weighted-mean wave number. Values of the roughness parameter and displacement height are determined for three different configurations of objects on the surface.     

Numerical simulation of stably stratified turbulent flows over an urban surface: Spectra and scales and parameterization of temperature and wind-velocity profiles

Stably stratified turbulent flows over surfaces with explicit roughness elements have been calculated using an LES model. The results of calculations for different height distributions of external dynamic forcing are compared and discussed. The spatial spectra and cospectra of turbulent wind-velocity fluctuations have been calculated and different methods of normalizing them have been studied. A parameterization allowing mean wind-velocity and temperature profiles to be approximated has been proposed for turbulence scale.     

Spatial spectra and characteristic horizontal scales of temperature and velocity fluctuations in the convective boundary layer of the atmosphere

Using a high-resolution LES numerical model, we calculated the turbulent thermal convection for high ratios of horizontal and vertical sizes of the computational domain (26: 26: 1). The natural analog of the simulated process is a planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the atmosphere growing with height in the background of stably stratified overlying air layers over a horizontally homogeneous heated surface under a weak average wind. We obtained the spectral distributions of variances of fluctuations in potential temperature and velocity components in ranges corresponding to scales from a few tens of meters to a few tens of kilometers. We found energetically significant segments of the spectrum of large-scale fluctuations in the potential temperature for which the power dependences S ～ k ^?1/3 and S ～ k ^?4/3 are satisfied with good accuracy. We calculated the characteristic spatial scales of horizontal fluctuations in velocity and temperature. We obtained a dependence of these scales on the height of the growing convective PBL. We discuss the characteristic features of large-scale distributions in terms of the self-similarity of the growing boundary layer behavior.     

Modeling of the Dissipation Rate of Turbulent Kinetic Energy

Doklady Earth Sciences - We consider a relaxation equation for turbulence wavenumber in semi-empirical turbulence closures. It is shown that the well-known phenomenological equation for the...