内蒙古乌梁素海湿地土壤有机碳组成与碳储量

2013年5月,在乌梁素海湿地的明水区、湖中芦苇(Phragmites australis)区、人工芦苇区(弃耕26 a)和弃耕芦苇区(弃耕3 a),采集0~40 cm深度的土壤(或沉积物)样品,研究土壤的有机碳组成[颗粒有机碳(POC)和矿质结合有机碳(MOC)]和碳储量。乌梁素海明水区的平均水深1~3 m,生长着沉水植物;湖中芦苇区水深约1 m,自然生长着野生芦苇,常年淹水;弃耕芦苇区为2011年农田退耕后形成的芦苇沼泽,季节性淹水;人工芦苇区的芦苇于1988年种植,季节性淹水。结果表明,明水区和湖中芦苇区表层土壤(0~10 cm深度)的总有机碳含量(15 g/kg)明显高于弃耕芦苇区[(2.60±0.33)g/kg]和人工芦苇区[(6.29±0.75)g/kg]。随着土壤深度的增加,人工芦苇区、明水区和湖中芦苇区土壤的总有机碳(TOC)含量都在减少。弃耕芦苇区各深度土壤的总有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量都相对最低。湖中芦苇区表层土壤的颗粒有机碳含量[(6.96±3.02)g/kg]最高,并且随着土壤深度的增加,其颗粒有机碳含量减少最快。除弃耕芦苇区外,其他采样区土壤(沉积物)的矿质结合有机碳含量都随着土壤深度的增加而减少,且在10~20 cm深度变化最明显,与颗粒有机碳含量垂直变化相似。明水区沉积物的颗粒有机碳含量占总有机碳含量的比例相对较低,表明其碳库最稳定。各采样区土壤(沉积物)不同组分有机碳含量与有机氮含量显著线性相关,TOC/TON、POC/PON和MOC/MON平均值分别为11.0、12.8和10.2。明水区沉积物总有机碳的储量最高(3.93 kg/m2),其次为湖中芦苇区(3.48 kg/m2)和人工芦苇区(3.18 kg/m2),弃耕芦苇区土壤总有机碳的储量仅为1.87 kg/m2。各采样区土壤(沉积物)的矿质结合有机碳储量都占较大比例,分别为80.2%(明水区)、67.9%(湖中芦苇区)、78.3%(人工芦苇区)和68.8%(弃耕芦苇区)。如果沼泽化导致明水区退化为芦苇沼泽,乌梁素海湿地的碳库损失将达到0.45 kg/m2。     

基于幂函数法则对放牧梯度上种群空间异质性的定量分析

 在呼伦贝尔草原的克氏针茅群落选择轻牧、中牧、重牧3个不同的放牧梯度,沿着50 m样线设置100个50 cm×50 cm的L型样方,每个L型样方内划分4个25 cm×25 cm的S型样方,以物种出现的频度（p）作为植被空间分布的观测指标,采用幂函数法则对放牧梯度上草原植物群落物种的空间异质性进行了定量研究。结果表明,在不同放牧强度下,种类结构发生明显改变,轻度放牧区羊草和星状刺骨藜、中度放牧区藜和糙隐子草、重度放牧区猪毛菜和多根葱具有高的出现频度,群落物种数随着放牧压力的增大而减小。整体来看,放牧梯度上物种的空间分布呈现明显的聚集分布,物种空间异质性（δi）随着放牧强度的增大而增加,拟合于幂函数规律曲线;群落的空间异质性（δc）随着轻牧-中牧-重牧放牧演替的进展呈现降低趋势,种群个体分布呈现片断化特征。在群落内部各个种群具有不同的异质化分布特点,物种结构主要表现出密集型种群和疏散型种群两大类型。这些趋势与种群的繁殖策略、生活史对策、群落的再生产策略等生理与生态特性密切相关。     

Expression and localization of a novel phosducin-like protein from amphioxus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Branchiostoma belcheri</Emphasis>

A full length amphioxus cDNA, encoding a novel phosducin-like protein (Amphi-PhLP), was identified for the first time from the gut cDNA library of Branchiostoma belcheri. It is comprised of 1 550 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 241 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed a tissue-specific expression pattern of Amphi-PhLP with the high levels in the ovary, and at a lower level in the hind gut and testis, hepatic caecum, gill, endostyle, and epipharyngeal groove, while it was absent in the muscle, neural tube and notochord. In the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the expression plasmid pEGFP-N1/Amphi-PhLP, the fusion protein was targeted in the cytoplasm of CHO cells, suggesting that Amphi-PhLP is a cytosolic protein. This work may provide a framework for further understanding of the physiological function of Amphi-PhLP in B. belcheri. Supported by the Pilot Projects of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-211-03 and MGE2008KG06)     

海洋细菌对稀土元素铈的富集矿化过程研究

采用从深海沉积物样品中分离培养的海洋微生物,分别进行几种海洋细菌（Jeotgalibacillus sp., Paenisporosarcina sp., Sulfitobacter sp.）对稀土元素Ce的富集成矿过程的模拟实验。实验过程中利用ICP-MS、SEM、TEM等分析测试手段考察了微生物与稀土元素的相互作用过程。结果表明,三种海洋细菌对稀土Ce都有吸附富集作用,海洋细菌吸附富集稀土元素Ce的效率主要与细菌密度和稀土元素浓度有关,不同的海洋细菌对稀土元素的富集能力也有所不同。海洋细菌吸附富集稀土Ce并矿化的过程中,稀土元素Ce首先被吸附在细胞表面形成成核点,随后在细胞表面被矿化形成含稀土Ce的非晶相结构的矿物颗粒。通过考察海洋细菌对稀土Ce的生物成矿过程,进一步探讨了海洋微生物富集稀土成矿的过程和作用机制。     

新疆历史地震前兆模拟资料转入数字化平台的实现

近年来随着数字化技术的不断发展、成熟和稳定,我国的地震前兆观测技术也逐步实现由模拟观测向数字观测转变,地震前兆数字化观测技术日趋成热、稳定,地震前兆数字化观测普及程度越来越高,产出的数字化观测资料已得到越来越广泛的应用。通过介绍新疆数字地震前兆台网中心模拟资料和数字化资料的管理,分析了历史模拟数据转入数字化平台的实现方法,阐述了地震前兆资料进入数字化统一平台的实际应用。     

无线局域网在地震应急现场中的应用

地震应急是我国防震减灾工作3大体系之一,鉴于地震预报尚不过关,在没有作出临震预报而地震突然发生时,为在灾区进行有效的救援而采取的紧急行动.通信、计算机等新技术是地震应急指挥和救援工作顺利进行的重要保证,无线局域网是计算机网络与无线通信技术相结合的产物,无线局域网利用了无线多址信道的一种有效方法来支持计算机之间的通信,本文根据新疆地震局地震应急现场工作情况,阐述无线局域网在地震应急现场中的应用,讨论了地震应急现场所适应的几种无线局域网的组网模式.     

A study on the interaction between ferric ion and silicic acid in hydrosphere: Si-containing ferruginous deposits formed in neutral hot spring waters

Five ferruginous deposit samples formed from neutral hot springs were analyzed to determine whether they consisted of a mixture of silica, hydrous iron oxide or iron silicate by differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 57Fe Mssbauer spectroscopy. The Si/Fe atomic ratios of the deposits ranged from 0.25 to 0.45, and were smaller than those of hisingerite (12), but apparently close to those of siliceous ferrihydrite (0.250.5). Si was confirmed to be present as monomeric or oligomeric silicate from the Si-O stretching vibration frequencies on the IR spectra. Judging from the results of DTA, which minerals starting to produce after heating, and a relationship between Si-O stretching vibration frequency and Si/Fe atomic ratio proposed by Henmi et al. (1981), all the deposits in this study were concluded to be mixtures of various siliceous ferri-hydrites with low and high Si/Fe atomic ratios. Moreover, by comparing the chemical properties of hot spring waters, the formation conditions of siliceous ferrihydrite were also discussed.     

Water yield reduction due to forestation in arid mountainous regions,northwest China

Forestation has been encouraged worldwide due to increasing demand for forest products, and for its ecological benefits such as soil erosion control and sediment reduction. However, forestation reduces runoff, thus potentially aggravating water shortages in arid regions. In order to quantitatively estimate the possible water yield reductions caused by forestation in an arid region, a small watershed (the Pailugou watershed) in the Qilian Mountains of northwest China was chosen as a study area. The responses of hydrological dynamics to different forestation scenarios in the study area were simulated using the TOPOG model. The results showed that forestation could lead to a complete loss of runoff at the site scale. At the watershed scale, a 10% increase in forest coverage led to a runoff reduction of 25.6 mm, equivalent to 13% of the runoff in the un-forested watershed. However, due to climatological and topographical constraints, the potential forest distribution occupied only 46.3% of the watershed area, and runoff reduction was estimated to reach a maximum of 60% when the forest cover ratio increased from 0.41% to 46.1%. Actual forest coverage is 36% in the study area, thus the water yield will be reduced with any further increase in forest area. Our study suggested that a trade-off between the numerous benefits of forest coverage increase and its negative impact on water yield should be carefully addressed in arid regions with inherently severe water-shortage.     

新疆数字地震前兆台网运行管理中的问题分析

随着科学技术的不断发展,我国地震前兆观测技术由模拟记录到数字记录转变的实现,地震前兆数字化观测技术日趋成熟、稳定,地震前兆数字化观测普及程度越来越大,产出的数字化观测资料己得到越来越广泛的应用,数字化地震前兆台网的效益亦愈发明显,但也不可避免地存在着技术和管理方面的一些问题。通过介绍新疆数字地震前兆台网中心的运行管理,分析数字地震前兆台网中心的运行管理中出现的一些问题和几点思考。     

短信信息服务系统在大震速报中的应用

随着Intemet和无线接入技术的迅猛发展，计算机与网络技术被越来越多的应用于生产和管理领域。因此，各种监控管理系统也就应运而生了。重点介绍通过手机群呼发送短信的方式传输地震信息过程，并简单介绍了地震信息群呼在地震预报中的应用，分析了手机群呼短信信息服务软件的使用方法。