Oxidative stress in ecotoxicology: from the analysis of individual antioxidants to a more integrated approach

An integrate approach will be discussed for investigations on oxidative stress in xenobiotic toxicity. While the analysis of individual antioxidants is useful for their sensitivity and to understand the mode of action of a stressor, the integration with the analysis of the total antioxidant capacity provides a more holistic assessment of the overall biological significance of such variations. TOSC has a greater predictive value on the health condition of the organisms and allows to discriminate the different role of specific ROS in oxidative stress syndrome.     

Phytoremediation of small-scale oil spills in fresh marsh environments: a mesocosm simulation

Research was conducted to assess the impact of oiling on fresh-marsh plant communities and to test the efficacy of techniques that may be used to enhance the bioremediation of crude oil spills in these environments while minimizing secondary anthropogenic impacts. To emulate field conditions, a mesocosm facility was used that houses 120 mesocosm vessels, each of 200-1 capacity. A five-way factorial treatment arrangement was used that included two substrates (inorganic, organic), two nutrient regimes (fertilized, not fertilized), two aeration levels (substrate aeration, no aeration), three oiling concentrations (0-, 5-, 10-1 m(-2) of South Louisiana Sweet Crude oil), and four vascular plant species (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Panicum hemitomon, Phragmites australis, Sagittaria lancifolia, and an unplanted control). Under the 5- and 10-1 m(-2) oiling concentrations, S. lancifolia displayed a short-term response of increased productivity, whereas P. hemitomon had the highest biomass production and photosynthetic rates at the end of the 18-month experiment. Overall plant growth and productivity, as well as oil degradation, were significantly higher in the inorganic substrate, indicating that biodegradation of oil spills in organic substrates may require a longer time period. Time-released fertilizer also stimulated plant productivity and resulted in higher soil respiratory quotients, suggestive of greater microbial activity, particularly in aerated mesocosms. The amount of oil remaining after 18 months was lowest in aerated and fertilized mesocosms containing either P. hemitomon or S. lancifolia and a substrate of low organic matter content.     

多震相的层相成像与在介质中的多波型射线跟踪

本文介绍了多震相的层析成像的思路和算法，通过穿透和反射走时可以同时作出２维和３维慢度（速度的倒数）重建。我们分析了在穿透和反射数据中确定速度和深度的不确定性，并认识到深度扰动对反射走时异常比慢度扰动更敏感。由不同波类型所提供的对速度和深度的约束，这个算法实际上减少了在一般反射层析成像在速度和深度之间的不确定性，并且也避免了在穿透层析成像中的不确定问题。线性化反演是通过从反射界面深度由分离速度参数进     

Comparison of heat and bromide as ground water tracers near streams

Heat and bromide were compared as tracers for examining stream/ground water exchanges along the middle reaches of the Santa Clara River, California, during a 10-hour surface water sodium bromide injection test. Three cross sections that comprise six shallow (<1 m) piezometers were installed at the upper, middle, and lower sections of a 17 km long study reach, to monitor temperatures and bromide concentrations in the shallow ground water beneath the stream. A heat and ground water transport simulation model and a closely related solute and ground water transport simulation model were matched up for comparison of simulated and observed temperatures and bromide concentrations in the streambed. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of sediment temperature were fitted to observed temperature results, to yield apparent streambed hydraulic conductivities in each cross section. The temperature-based hydraulic conductivities were assigned to a solute and ground water transport model to predict sediment bromide concentrations, during the sodium bromide injection test. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of bromide concentrations in the sediments yielded a good match to the observed bromide concentrations, without adjustment of any model parameters except solute dispersivities. This indicates that, for the spatial and temporal scales examined on the Santa Clara River, the use of heat and bromide as tracers provide comparable information with respect to apparent hydraulic conductivities and fluxes for sediments near streams. In other settings, caution should be used due to differences in the nature of conservative (bromide) versus nonconservative (heat) tracers, particularly when preferential flowpaths are present.     

教智融合背景下初中地理主题式教学实践研究 ——以"欧洲西部"为例

随着后疫情时代的到来,各种云服务运用到了课堂教学当中,为教育的变革增添了新的活力.为此本文借助易加学院在线教学互动平台,构建了主题式教学构架.该构架设置了课前、课中、课后三个环节,形成了"线上+线下"的混合式教学模式,并将其实践于"欧洲西部"一课的教学,以期发展学生的高阶思维,培养学生地理学科核心素养.     

用现代技术对吉普斯兰中心油田进行综合研究

澳大利亚吉普斯兰盆地中心油田地区包括Ｈａｌｉｂｕｔ,Ｃｏｂｉａ,Ｆｏｒｔｅｓｃｕｅ和ａｃｋｅｒｅｌ油田。这些大油田处于成熟期,已采出８０％的储量。１９９１年和１９９２年多学科综合研究期间,已将最新技术用于提高剩余大量储量的采出程度。     

中途日落油田利用水平井优化成熟蒸汽驱

钻在中途日落油田陡倾斜的Ｓｕｂ－Ｈｏｙｔ“Ｅ”砂层上的三口短半径水平井显示了很好的开采动态。这些成功促使进行一项三维热采数值模拟研究以评价其它水平井潜力，及优化其余的蒸汽驱开发方案。