三维隔震(振)支座的工程应用与现场测试

首先介绍了一种新型三维隔震(振)支座,该支座由联接件、竖向隔振支座和水平隔震支座组成。竖向隔振支座和水平隔震支座具有较小刚度,采用该类型支座的隔震结构,其竖向基频和水平基频可远离地铁、铁路振动和地震的主频,从而实现竖向隔振和水平隔震作用。其次介绍了该三维隔震(振)支座在某一地铁平台上部结构中的应用情况,对该类型支座进行了竖向性能和水平性能试验。最后对三维隔震(振)结构与传统结构进行了地铁运行时结构振动的对比测试。测试结果表明:三维隔震(振)系统对振动的高频信号具有显著衰减效果。     

大底盘多塔楼结构的混合隔震控制

结合某实际工程,针对大底盘多塔楼结构提出混合隔震的控制策略,即对大底盘上的一栋或多栋塔楼采用隔震技术,并在隔震层附设一定数量的被动、主动或半主动的减震控制装置。建立了这种大底盘多塔楼结构混合隔震控制体系的运动方程,方程中各塔楼与下部结构及隔震层之间的刚度解耦,并考虑了隔震层的非线性。研究中比较了被动非线性粘滞阻尼器,半主动变孔隙阻尼器与理想主动控制时的减震控制效果。结果表明,这种混合隔震体系可以有效地减小上部塔楼与下部结构的地震反应,提高大底盘多塔楼结构的抗震安全性,取得明显的经济和社会效益。半主动变孔隙阻尼器可以极好地追踪理想主动控制力,取得与理想主动控制相近的减震控制效果。被动非线性粘滞阻尼器也能取得较好的减震效果,且易于维护,经济性较好,从工程应用的角度来看更为现实可行,具有较好的应用推广价值。     

主动变刚度-阻尼系统预测最优控制的理论与试验研究

介绍了一种具有自主知识产权的新型开关控制型半主动控制系统——主动变刚度.阻尼(AVS.D)系统的减振控制机理,建立了AVS.D结构振动控制体系的运动方程。为了合理补偿AVS.D系统实时控制过程中不可避免地存在着的控制时滞,本文提出一种预测最优控制算法,推导了其开关控制律。为了检验AVS.D系统的减震控制效果及预测最优控制算法的有效性,我们设计研制出AVS.D装置,编制了AVS.D系统预测最优控制的实时控制软件,在某单层钢框架模型上进行了AVS.D系统的模拟地震振动台试验,比较了不同控制方式时的减震效果。研究结果表明,本文所提出的预测最优控制算法是非常有效的,可推广应用于所有开关控制型半主动控制系统。AVS.D系统具有反应放大功能,经济可靠、安全有效,可望有较好的工程应用前景。     

Effect of Surface Heterogeneity on the Boundary-Layer Height: A Case Study at a Semi-Arid Forest

We investigate the effects of an isolated meso-\(\gamma \)-scale surface heterogeneity for roughness and albedo on the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) height, with a case study at a semi-arid forest surrounded by sparse shrubland (forest area: \(28~\text{ km }^2\), forest length in the main wind direction: 7 km). Doppler lidar and ceilometer measurements at this semi-arid forest show an increase in the ABL height over the forest compared with the shrubland on four out of eight days. The differences in the ABL height between shrubland and forest are explained for all days with a model that assumes a linear growth of the internal boundary layer of the forest through the convective ABL upwind of the forest followed by a square-root growth into the stable free atmosphere. For the environmental conditions that existed during our measurements, the increase in ABL height due to large sensible heat fluxes from the forest (\(600~\text {W~m}^{-2}\) in summer) is subdued by stable stratification in the free atmosphere above the ABL, or reduced by high wind speeds in the mixed layer.     

政和-海丰断裂带b值空间扫描分析

应用b值空间扫描方法,分析福建地区政和-海丰断裂带上发生的ML≥4.5中强地震前b值空间扫描图像.分析结果表明:在此断裂带上发生中强地震前,均存在b值空间扫描异常现象,且震中皆在异常区域内.b值空间扫描方法,对政和-海丰断裂带ML≥4.5中强地震发生的时间、地点映震效果明显,对该断裂带上发生的中强地震进行中短期预测有一定效果.     

东北非与中国胶东造山型金矿对比及对非洲找矿勘查的启示

东北非是一个快速兴起的世界级金矿省,发育大量造山型金矿床。选择东北非努比亚地盾代表性造山型矿床进行总结梳理,认为区内金矿成矿可能受控于努比亚地盾地块拼帖后挤压/压扭向张扭剪切转换的过程,绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质基性火山岩是主要赋矿围岩,剪切带(断层)为主要控矿构造。通过对比,发现努比亚地盾矿集区与胶东矿集区类似,在大规模金成矿前均经历了洋壳俯冲过程,除赋矿围岩和成矿时代区别明显外,在控矿构造、矿化类型、矿物组合、成矿流体等方面较相似。结合控矿因素与找矿标志对比,针对努比亚地盾造山型金矿的找矿勘查提出具体建议：通过遥感和地质图修编圈定找矿远景区;利用地球化学测量和地质图草测等圈定找矿靶区;利用蚀变填图、反循环钻探,结合电磁测量,追踪隐伏矿体;通过矿床理论研究和矿田构造分析,支撑矿床(点)深部找矿。     

钻井液性能在线监测技术研究进展

近年来,国内外对钻井液性能自动检测技术的研究取得了长足进步。针对现有钻井液自动检测仪器成本高、结构复杂和工作环境受限等问题,研制了钻井液漏斗黏度和密度自动在线检测仪。使用可编程逻辑控制器、物联网模组、压力传感器、超声传感器、蠕动泥浆泵、电动球阀和隔膜泵等,搭建取浆模块、检测模块、清洗模块和控制模块,实现了对钻井液漏斗黏度和密度的自动检测、移动端设备数据查看和操作等功能。采用传感器数据融合和滤波算法等方法提高仪器精度和稳定性,对不同钻井液体系性能测试验证,漏斗黏度误差控制在±1 s,密度误差控制在±0.01 g/cm³,且可连续地对钻井液性能进行自动测试。室内测试和现场试验结果表明,该仪器具有操作方便、测试结果准确、可重复性高、人为测量误差小和节约人工等优点,能满足实际钻井施工过程中对钻井液性能检测的要求,具有较强的普适性和广泛的应用前景。

     

额济纳旗灰石山东北铌多金属矿床成矿规律及成因浅析

通过对灰石山东北铌多金属矿床地质特征综合分析表明,矿床的产出受地层和构造的双重制约。矿区的二叠系双堡塘组是矿源层,矿体具有明显的层位控制性;北东东向断裂构造提供了热液通道并进行了叠加改造;矿床成因类型属于沉积变质-热液叠加型。     

Recent progress and application on seismic isolation energy dissipation and control for structures in China

China is a country where 100% of the territory is located in a seismic zone. Most of the strong earthquakes are over prediction. Most fatalities are caused by structural collapse. Earthquakes not only cause severe damage to structures, but can also damage non-structural elements on and inside of facilities. This can halt city life, and disrupt hospitals, airports, bridges, power plants, and other infrastructure. Designers need to use new techniques to protect structures and facilities inside. Isolation, energy dissipation and, control systems are more and more widely used in recent years in China. Currently, there are nearly 6,500 structures with isolation and about 3,000 structures with passive energy dissipation or hybrid control in China. The mitigation techniques are applied to structures like residential buildings, large or complex structures, bridges, underwater tunnels, historical or cultural relic sites, and industrial facilities, and are used for retrofitting of existed structures. This paper introduces design rules and some new and innovative devices for seismic isolation, energy dissipation and hybrid control for civil and industrial structures. This paper also discusses the development trends for seismic resistance, seismic isolation, passive and active control techniques for the future in China and in the world.