不同UV-B辐射时间对菹草表型可塑性的影响

菹草(Potamogeton crispus)衰亡的原因一直是水体生态修复的研究热点。已有的研究认为,强光照是促进菹草衰亡的关键因素。分别将菹草幼苗置于150μW/cm2剂量的中波紫外线(UV-B,波长为275~320 nm)辐射下,设置4种UV-B辐射持续时间处理,其每日的持续辐射时间分别设定为0 h(对照处理)、2 h、4 h和6 h,对照处理下的菹草幼苗不接受UV-B辐射,仅接受长波紫外线(UV-A)辐射和光合有效辐射,监测各处理下菹草幼苗的生长、形态状况、石芽形成和萌发等指标。研究结果表明,每日6 h的UV-B辐射,能促进菹草分枝,且能促进菹草衰亡;2 h和4 h的UV-B辐射,对菹草的影响较小,随着UV-B辐射时间的延长,菹草植株的株高、节间距和单株鲜质量明显下降,每日2 h的UV-B辐射,能促进植株叶面积的增加;每日延长UV-B辐射时间,可以促进石芽的形成,但形成的石芽随着变态率的增加,其长度增加、宽度减小,石芽质量减轻,下一个生长季的萌发率降低,萌发出二苗的比率降低,萌发苗的各项生长指标随着辐射剂量增加而逐渐降低。因此,在春末、夏初,随着太阳辐射时间的增加,阳光中累计的UV-B辐射剂量增加,这可能是促进菹草大批衰亡的重要原因。     

测绘工程专业人力资源现状与毕业生需求研究

随着国民经济的快速发展,测绘行业得到了迅速发展壮大.江苏省是测绘人力资源大省,同时是测绘教育大省.通过抽样调查方法对江苏省测绘工程专业人力资源现状与毕业生需求情况进行了详细研究.研究得出江苏省测绘行业人才队伍不断壮大,未来需求量不断增加,有利于毕业生就业.     

Morphodynamics of an Artificial Cobble Beach in Tianquan Bay,Xiamen, China

By tracking and monitoring the profile configuration, topography, and hydrodynamic factors of an artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China over three consecutive years after its completion, we analyzed the evolution of its profile configuration and plane morphology, and its storm response characteristics. The evolution of the profile configuration of the artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay can be divided into four stages. The beach was unstable during the initial stage after the beach nourishment the profile configuration changed obviously, and an upper concave composite cobble beach formed gradually, which was characterized by a steep upper part and a gentle lower part. In the second stage, the cobble beach approached dynamic equilibrium with minor changes in the profile configuration. At the third stage the beach was in a high-energy state under the influence of Typhoon Meranti, and the response of the artificial cobble beach differed significantly from that of the low-tide terrace sandy beach. Within a short time, there was net onshore transport of cobbles in the cross-shore direction. The beach face was eroded, the beach berm was accumulated, and the slope of the beach was steepened considerably. In the alongshore direction, there was notable transport of cobbles on the beach from east to west along the shore, and the total volume of the beach decreased by 4.5×103 m~3, which accounted for 50% of the total amount of beach volume lost within three years. The fourth stage was the restoration stage after the typhoon, characterized by a little gentler profile slope and the increase in width and the decrease in height of beach berm. Because of the action of waves and the wave-driven longshore current caused by the specific terrain and landform conditions along the coast(e.g., coastal headlands, near-shore artificial structures, and reefs), the coastline of the artificial cobble beach gradually evolved from being essentially parallel to the artificial coast upon completion to a slightly curved parabolic shape, and three distinct erosion hotspots were formed on the west side of the cape and the artificial drainpipe, and the reefs. Generally, the adoption of cobbles for beach nourishment on this macro-tidal coast beach with severe erosion has yielded excellent stability and adaptability.     

Gaussian decomposition and component pigment spectral analysis of phytoplankton absorption spectra

The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be affected considerably by pigment composition and concentration.We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton,in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra.The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups(chlorophylls a,b,and c,photo-synthetic carotenoids(PSC),and photo-protective carotenoids(PPC)).The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are0.001 m~(-1),and R~2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations(except for chlorophyll b)was0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise.In addition,we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a,c,PPC,and PSC.We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coefficient of pigment composition.The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations.The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Chla,and the median relative error was small.The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.     

人海关系地域系统视角下海洋本体的解构与研究重点

在揭示人海辩证关系与海洋社会属性的基础上,从人海关系地域系统的视角,解析了海洋的构成。第一海洋（自然海洋）是人海关系地域系统中自然存在而非人为构筑的海洋部分,其核心要素是地理位置、物质构成和空间形态。第二海洋（人工海洋）是人类海洋实践中所建造的设施及相应的物质、能量及信息流动,包括基地设施、人类主体之间的物质信息交流和人类与海洋之间的采集排放活动。第三海洋（关系海洋）是不同人类主体在海洋实践中形成的互动关系,核心内容是主体构成、内容组成以及表现形式。第四海洋（观念海洋）是人类对海洋及海洋实践活动的认知,核心是在处理人类与海洋、陆地与海洋和人类主体之间关系时所秉持的理念。现实中,自然海洋、实践性的人工海洋和关系海洋与构想性的观念海洋相互作用,形成了丰富多样的海洋世界。随着人类海洋实践的深化,关系海洋和观念海洋与自然海洋和人工海洋一并成为了研究与实践的重点。     

黄河兰州以上气候要素长期变化趋势和突变特征分析

采用1960—2001年黄河流域兰州以上地区23个气象台站的气温、降水、日照时数和蒸发量4个气候要素的资料,分析了42年来兰州以上地区的气候变化和发展趋势。用非参数统计检验方法(Mann-Kendall法)分析了气候变化的长期变化趋势。结果表明,42年来全区平均变暖0.76℃,降水量、日照时数和蒸发量平均减少了17.89 mm,125.6 h和161.3 mm;用距平曲线法分析了气候变化的阶段性特征;用滑动T检验法(MTT法)、Ya-mamoto法和Mann-Kendall法对5年滑动平均的区域季节和年时间序列进行突变检测,讨论了黄河流域兰州以上地区的气候变化问题。MTT法的检测结果表明,气温、降水量和日照时数分别在20世纪80年代的末期、中期和初期发生了突变,蒸发量除了发生在80年代的突变外,90年代也有一次超过0.01显著性水平的突变;Yamamoto法检测结果表明,20世纪80年代的气候突变最为明显,1981年春季蒸发量和1985年的年气温均出现了强突变,年蒸发量突变的S/N值的位相明显提前于其他3个气候要素突变S/N值的位相;Mann-Kendall法检测结果表明,各气候要素年和季的突变年份中,气温主要发生在20世纪90年代,蒸发量主要发生在20世纪60年代,日照时数主要发生在20世纪80年代。这一事实也说明检测方法不同,评价结果会存在一定差异。     

发达国家空间信息共享与服务及启示

提高信息的共享与服务水平是一个国家迈向信息社会与服务型社会的重要举措,而空间信息共享与服务在其中占据十分重要的位置。许多发达国家在这方面走在前列,并在其经济社会发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文作者在对国外空间信息共享与服务进行分析比较研究的基础上,根据我国实际情况提出了关于空间信息共享与服务的体会和意见。     

Monitoring cyanobacteria-dominant algal blooms in eutrophicated Taihu Lake in China with synthetic aperture radar images

Monitoring algal blooms by optical remote sensing is limited by cloud cover.In this study,synthetic aperture radar(SAR) was deployed with the aim of monitoring cyanobacteria-dominant algal blooms in Taihu Lake in cloudy weather.The study shows that dark regions in the SAR images caused by cyanobacterial blooms damped the microwave backscatter of the lake surface and were consistent with the regions of algal blooms in quasi-synchronous optical images,confirming the applicability of SAR for detection of surface blooms.Low backscatter may also be associated with other factors such as low wind speeds,resulting in interference when monitoring algal blooms using SAR data alone.After feature extraction and selection,the dark regions were classified by the support vector machine method with an overall accuracy of 67.74%.SAR can provide a reference point for monitoring cyanobacterial blooms in the lake,particularly when weather is not suitable for optical remote sensing.Multi-polarization and multi-band SAR can be considered for use in the future to obtain more accurate information regarding algal blooms from SAR data.     

基于iBeacon的精细室内定位方法研究

苹果公司发布的i Beacon作为一种粗精度位置感知服务体系,得到了广泛关注。针对更精细的广域位置服务,提出了基于i Beacon的无线指纹定位方法,并给出了图书馆的位置服务示例。     

利用PCI GXL-A进行航空影像DEM匹配及编辑

随着航空摄影测量技术的快速发展,海量正射影像数据生产已经成为测绘生产的常态.而正射影像的生产离不开数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)数据,因此快速高效的生产DEM对正射影像的生产至关重要.本文以航空影像作为实验数据,利用影像处理软件的航空影像处理模块2018年版本(GXL 2018 SP3 Aerial)空三加密后进行高精度数字地表模型匹配,并使用软件中数字高程模型的编辑(Geomatic Focus的DEM Editing)功能对数字地面模型(Digital Terrain Models,DTM)进行快速编辑生成DEM数据,为今后大批量DEM生产及编辑工作提供借鉴.