遥感技术与美国的人口普查

引言 D.布鲁金尼的论文《可用空间时代技术进行更精确的人口普查》提出了一些有趣的问题。我们为能够在《摄影测量工程和遥感》杂志上看到这篇有关遥感在社会科学领城内的应用的论文而高兴。我们认为只有了解人口普查数据的多种用途之后,再来检验那些改进人口普查的方法才是合适的,众所周知,每十年一次的人口普查数据的精度和完备性并不是没有缺点的。无疑地,许多人口普查人员将首先承认,每次由点数     

Assessing degradation capability of aerobic indigenous microflora in PAH-contaminated brackish sediments

A study was conducted to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distribution and microbial population changes in brackish sediments from an Italian lagoon included in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. The presence and level of PAH-degrading bacteria were estimated by the most probable number (MPN) enumeration technique, whereas degradation capability towards target compounds was checked against loss of spiked PAHs (Phenanthrene, Anthracene and Fluoranthene) in MPN tubes after incubation in optimal conditions. Chemical analyses and microbiological counts suggested a potential for PAHs biodegradation by natural occurring populations of sediment microorganisms, thus indicating an "optimal range" in sediment PAHs concentrations, outside of which the natural selection of the indigenous microflora did not occur. The MPN procedure here described, provided an effective and reliable way to simultaneously determine microbial population densities and subsequent confirmation of the biodegradation capability of sediment indigenous microflora when exposed to laboratory and environmental concentrations of PAHs.     

Variations of antioxidant efficiency and presence of endosymbiotic diatoms in the Antarctic porifera Haliclona dancoi

The role of endosymbiotic diatoms as pro-oxidant stressors in porifera has been investigated in the Antarctic sponge Haliclona dancoi in which the presence of diatoms is influenced by marked seasonal variations during the austral summer. Both chlorophaeopigments and frustules were absent in sponge tissues sampled in early November at the beginning of the summer and increased from the mid of December with slightly shifted temporal trends. The efficiency of antioxidant defenses in the sponge showed a marked response to symbionts with clearly enhanced values corresponding to the peak of diatoms.     

大西洋扇贝贝壳生长年轮的氧同位素研究

两只活的大洋扇贝Placopecten magellanicus分别于1983和1985年采自加拿大诺瓦·斯科舍省布朗斯浅滩,其氧同位素记录展示出一种年度性的循环,并与由环境海水的实测温度和同位素组成所预计的贝壳同位素组成十分接近。外生长线的位置与这些循环中δ~(18)O的最大值吻合,这说明外生长线于底层海水温度最低时(春季)形成。据测定的δ~(18)O的结果证明,外生长线是年度性形成的,这与生物学证据一致。     

由偏顶蛤贝壳中稳定同位素剖面追溯海水温度记录

本文用在加拿大诺瓦·斯科舍省芬克湾采集到的两只活体偏顶蛤(Modiolus)贝壳上的氧同位素组成重建了过去十年间的底层海水温度记录,它也可作为一种独立的方法来确定贝壳上外生长线的沉积时间。由于对贝壳进行了密集采样(可多至每个贝壳沉积年份取15个样品),贝壳上的δ~(16)O变化反映了芬克湾底层海水的季节性变化。两只贝壳所得的温度剖面符合得很好,说明它们基本上是与真实的环境温度相对应的。本研究证明在海胆疾病爆发时底层海水的温度并没有异常升高,这说明疾病传播的关键因素是带病的生物体,而不是温度。同位素技术也说明了在贝壳外表面上可见的外生长线是年轮性的,它们是在每年冬季最低水温时沉积出来的。     

五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。