Evidence of ancient life at 207 m depth in a granitic aquifer

The results of electron-microscopy investigations of calcite precipitated in a water-conducting fracture in a ca. 1800 Ma granitic rock from 207 m below sea level at the island of Aspo on the southeastern (Baltic) coast of Sweden are compared with measurements of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotope composition of the calcite and embedded pyrite. Parts of the calcite had extremely low delta 13C values, indicative of biological activity, and contained bacteria-like microfossils occurring in colonies and as typical biofllms. X-ray microanalysis demonstrated these fossils to be enriched in carbon. Our results provide evidence for ancient life in deep granitic rock aquifers and suggest that the modern microbial life found there is intrinsic. Modeling historical and present geochemical processes in deep granitic aquifers should, therefore, preferably include biologically catalyzed reactions. The results also suggest that the search for life on other planets, e.g., Mars, should include subsurface material.     

由震源机制和地震波各向异性探讨青藏高原岩石圈变形

本文据青藏高原天然地震震源参数和地震波各向异性资料，讨论了高原岩圈不同圈层的变形特性。     

无网格方法及其在地球物理勘探中的应用与展望

产生于20世纪70年代的无网格法是一类新兴的数值方法,现已被广泛运用于科学计算及工程问题并取得了显著成效.相较于有限元方法,无网格法具有网格依赖性弱、精度高、收敛速度快、方便构造高阶拟合函数等优点.经过几十年的发展,无网格法取得了长足的进步,诞生了多种方法.无网格方法之间的主要区别在于构造近似函数的不同和加权余量法的选择.本文概述了无网格法的发展历史和研究进展以及在地球物理学中的应用状况;详细阐述了多种无网格的近似方法,包括：移动最小二乘近似、径向基函数近似、核积分近似、再生核粒子近似等,以及常用的加权余量法—配点法、伽辽金法、局部伽辽金法.并对这些无网格方法的差异性作了系统对比分析,同时指出了在地球物理领域的适用范围.还例举了无网格法在地震勘探领域的波动方程、重磁勘探领域的位场延拓以及异常体正演的求解过程.最后讨论了无网格方法应用于地球物理勘探领域时存在的困难和挑战,并分析了未来无网格方法的应用前景和潜力方向.     

Epi- and endobiont faunal communities on an Egyptian Mediterranean rocky shore: species composition and their competition for space

The exposed calcareous rocky area of the Abu Qir Headland,east of Alexandria,Egypt which range from coarse grains,through pebbles,cobbles,and boulders to rocky platforms,was signifi cantly colonized by sclerobionts(epibionts and endobionts).The epibiont species diversity was comparatively higher than that of endobionts.Epibiont communities included bryozoans(the anascan-grade cheilostome Bifl ustra savartii),serpulid(Hydroides elegans,Spirobranchus cf.tetraceros,Vermiliopsis striaticeps and Protula or Apomatus)and spirorbid(Spirorbis)wormtubes,and balanoid barnacles(Amphibalanus amphitrite,Balanus trigonus,and Perforatus perforatus).The cheilostome bryozoan colonies,which developed extensive sheets,proliferated on the study rocky shore either encrusting the bioeroded basement directly,or encrusting other epilithic taxa,particularly balanoid barnacles and serpulid worms.Encrusters displayed a remarkable marginal competitive interaction(overgrowth and stand-off)for space on the study rocky shore.On the other hand,endobionts were not well represented on the studied rocky shore exposure.It was possible to identify three ichnotaxa:Gastrochaenolites,Maeandropolydora,and Finichnus.The fi ndings documented represent a signifi cant contribution to our knowledge of sclerobionts composition,sequence of their colonization and/or bioerosion,and their mutual relationships on the intertidal rocky shore of the Abu Qir Headland.     

Design of Buoys for Mounting Wind Turbines at Exposed Sites

In this study, two designs for a buoy capable of supporting a 10 kW wind turbine and its tower were developed to operate at the University of New Hampshire’s Center of Ocean Renewable Energy testing site located off the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire. The buoys are to be moored by a catenary chain system. To evaluate wave response, two Froude-scaled models were constructed, tested, and compared at the Ocean Engineering wave tank at the University of New Hampshire. These buoys have been implemented and compared with wave tank measurements of the spar displacement at a reference elevation 2.44 m above the mean water level.     

亚东—格尔木地学断面区域磁异常数据处理与地体划分

本文首先介绍了航磁数据的预处理；介绍了视磁化率填图方法及对浅层、深层视磁化率进行了综合分析，进行了方向滤波及长波磁异常的分析处理，讨论了航磁数据图象处理及其有关向题，最后提出了地体划分意见：由5条边缘断裂分割成６个地体。     

国际古植物学1989年研究进展

古植物学是一个日新月异发展着的学科。每年,都有一些新的方法问世,它们结合地质学和生物学方法来研究地史时期植物的生活。其研究广度可以从1989年7月在美国首都华盛顿召开的第28届国际地质大会上明显看出。古植物学家们报告了他们关于“古气候”、“前寒武纪/寒武纪的过渡”、“泥炭和煤的来源”、“适应辐射”、“埋藏过程”、“特异埋藏”及南极地质等方面的研究成果;关于晚石炭世植物群的生物地理方面的文章也很多。 由Gastaldo(1989)编辑的《植物埋藏学——有机沉积过程》论文专辑是将更多的地质     

Seismic anisotropy beneath Southern Tibet

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