Comparative tolerance of two estuarine annelids to fluoranthene under normoxic and moderately hypoxic conditions

The tolerance of the oligochaete Monopylephorus rubroniveus and the polychaete Streblospio benedicti to sediment-associated fluoranthene was characterized under normoxic (>80% dissolved oxygen saturation) and moderately hypoxic ( approximately 50% dissolved oxygen saturation) conditions. Under both conditions, M. rubroniveus was highly tolerant of fluoranthene. Streblospio benedicti was considerably less tolerant of fluoranthene compared with M. rubroniveus. In addition, S. benedicti was less tolerant to fluoranthene under moderately hypoxic conditions, although no differences in sensitivity between the two oxygen conditions were observed based upon median lethal tissue residues. Bioaccumulation factors were higher for S. benedicti exposed to moderate hypoxia, suggesting that behavioral adaptations to compensate for the lower dissolved oxygen increased its bioaccumulation of fluoranthene. The results of the present laboratory study demonstrate that (1). changes in annelid tolerance to fluoranthene under varying oxygen conditions is a species-dependent phenomenon and (2). the differential tolerance of these two annelids to these combined stressors is consistent with their relative abundances in the field.     

华蓥山隧道岩溶发育强度垂直分带

论述了华蓥山隧道的岩溶发育特征,根据岩溶发育强度的划分依据和划分标准,结合岩溶发育的历史,采用类比判别法、主因素判别法和综合判别法对岩溶发育强度作了垂直分带,据此预测的溶洞规模与实际情况吻合。     

欧洲的近实时降水分析

1.前言1986年4月26日,苏联乌克兰切尔诺贝利列宁核电站4号反应堆发生事故.该事故在世界上是迄今为止最为严重的逸出放射性物质进入大气的事件,逸出的大量物质从空中被输送到遥远的地区,造成对欧洲许多地区的污染(Smith和Clark,1989).     

印度拉贾斯坦邦Aravalli超群杂砂岩的岩石学与地球化学特征及元…

印度西部拉贾斯坦中南元古宙Ａｒａｖａｌｌｉ超群由浅变质的粗砂岩、碳酸盐岩及杂砂岩所组成，夹有线粒偻砂岩和泥质岩，位于由片麻岩，片岩及高级变质沉积物组成的太古宙基底之上。其中杂砂岩可分为四种不同的岩相类型（相Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ），每一种岩相具有不同的ＱＦＬ组分、粒度、常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征。根据ＱｍＦＬｔ判别图可判别每一岩相类型形成的构造环境。相Ａ、Ｄ杂砂岩来自再旋回造山带，相Ｂ则来尖皇与岛弧     

专家系统在确定岩体结构类型中的应用

在工程地质工作中,岩体结构类型的确定是基础性的工作之一。本文利用水利水电工程地质专家的经验,采用专家系统的方法,并辅助以模糊数学方法,对岩体结构类型进行确定。经实际资料验证,效果良好。     

Patterns of urban settlements in Somalia

In this research paper attempts have been made to analyze the distribution of 68 urban settlements in 14 regions of the country. The value of near-neighbour statistic (R) shows nearly random pattern of urban settlements in some regions and approachingly uniform distribution of urban settlements in other regions. Regional distribution of urban settlements and their growth have been explained in context of region's geographical, economic and industrial frameworks.     

Grid cell distortion and MODFLOW's integrated finite-difference numerical solution

The ground water flow model MODFLOW inherently implements a nongeneralized integrated finite-difference (IFD) numerical scheme. The IFD numerical scheme allows for construction of finite-difference model grids with curvilinear (piecewise linear) rows. The resulting grid comprises model cells in the shape of trapezoids and is distorted in comparison to a traditional MODFLOW finite-difference grid. A version of MODFLOW-88 (herein referred to as MODFLOW IFD) with the code adapted to make the one-dimensional DELR and DELC arrays two dimensional, so that equivalent conductance between distorted grid cells can be calculated, is described. MODFLOW IFD is used to inspect the sensitivity of the numerical head and velocity solutions to the level of distortion in trapezoidal grid cells within a converging radial flow domain. A test problem designed for the analysis implements a grid oriented such that flow is parallel to columns with converging widths. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates MODFLOW IFD's capacity to numerically derive a head solution and resulting intercell volumetric flow when the internal calculation of equivalent conductance accounts for the distortion of the grid cells. The sensitivity of the velocity solution to grid cell distortion indicates criteria for distorted grid design. In the radial flow test problem described, the numerical head solution is not sensitive to grid cell distortion. The accuracy of the velocity solution is sensitive to cell distortion with error <1% if the angle between the nonparallel sides of trapezoidal cells is <12.5 degrees. The error of the velocity solution is related to the degree to which the spatial discretization of a curve is approximated with piecewise linear segments. Curvilinear finite-difference grid construction adds versatility to spatial discretization of the flow domain. MODFLOW-88's inherent IFD numerical scheme and the test problem results imply that more recent versions of MODFLOW 2000, with minor modifications, have the potential to make use of a curvilinear grid.