Evacuees’ information sources and reentry decision making in the aftermath of Hurricane Ike

In the aftermath of a hurricane, local emergency managers need to communicate reentry plans to households that might be scattered over multiple counties or states. To better understand evacuees’ households’ reliance on different information sources at the time they decided to return home, this study collected data on reentry after Hurricane Ike. The results from a survey of 340 evacuating households indicated that there was low compliance with official reentry plans and that none of the information sources produced greater compliance with official reentry plans. Nonetheless, there were significant changes in the utilization of different sources of emergency information over the course of an evacuation but local news media remained the most common sources throughout the event. There also were significant differences in the relative importance of different sources of reentry information, with people relying most on information from peers. In summary, local authorities need to identify more effective ways to communicate with evacuees that have relocated to distant communities and to motivate them to comply with official reentry plans.     

On the Late Hydrothermal Tungsten Deposits of Haiyangshan Mountain, Kuangsi

INTRODUCTIONThe Haiyangshan Mountain trending in the NNE-SSW direction is situated between the Hsiangan and Kuanyang cites in NE Kuangsi. The principal mines are located on the E slope at about 200 m above Sanyutsun, a village nearly 25 km NW of Kuanyang. The tungsten mineralization in the region is confined chiefly to the quartz veins which were formed by the ore-bearing solutions along the fractures in the granodiorite shortly after its consolidation.     

Wavelet and artificial neural network analyses of tide forecasting and supplement of tides around Taiwan and South China Sea

In multi-resolution analysis (MRA) by wavelet function Daubechies (db), we decompose the signal in two parts, the low and high-frequency contents. We remove the high-frequency content and reconstruct a new “de-noise” signal by using inverse wavelet transform. The calculation of tidal constituent phase-lags was made to determine the input and output data patterns used in building network structure of Artificial Neuron-Network (ANN) model. The “de-noise” signal was, then, used as the input data to improve the forecasting accuracy of the ANN model. The wavelet spectrum, conventional energy spectrum (fast Fourier transform, FFT), and harmonic analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of tidal data.Using only a very short-period data as a training data set in Artificial Neuron-Network Back-Propagate (ANN-BP) model, the developed ANN+Wavelet model can accurately predict or supply the missing tide data for a long period (1–5 years). The results also show that the concept of tidal constituent phase-lags can improve ANN model of tidal forecasting and data supplement. The addition of the wavelet analysis to ANN method can prominently improve the prediction quality.     

碱、芒硝等盐类矿物薄片的制备

盐类矿石薄片的制备方法在国內外的一些文献中有所论述,但多偏重于钾盐矿石和古老盐矿石;至于第四纪盐湖中常见的芒硝（Na₂SO₄·10H₂O）、苏打（Na₂CO₃·10H₂O）和天然碱（Na₂CO₃·NaHCO₃·2H₂O）矿石薄片制备的方法介绍甚少。这些含水碳酸盐、硫酸盐类矿物加热易失水,通常置放于室內时表面很快风化失水呈白色粉末状,并易溶于水中,因此不易制成薄片。最近我们作了多次实验,取得一些经验,在此作一介绍以供有关人员参考。实验过程中得到中国科学院地质研究所工厂领导的大力支持和安芷生同志的协助,复照组代为摄制照片,內蒙地质局208地质队提供了样品,谨在此一并致谢。     

The climate regime shift over the Pacific during 1996/1997

A climate regime shift (CRS) in the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) pattern was identified in 1996/1997. This decadal SST change is characterized by a warming over the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) and mid-latitude North and South Pacific and a cooling in the equatorial central Pacific (ECP). The large-scale atmospheric circulation change associated with this CRS exhibits a pair of low-level anticyclonic (cyclonic) gyres off the EWP (ECP) and a zonal-vertical overturning circulation anomaly along the equator. Both the empirical orthogonal function and singular vector decomposition analyses indicate that the CRS signal in 1996/1997 is robust. A mixed layer heat budget analysis suggests that the abrupt change of SST in the EWP and ECP is attributed to different physical processes. The abrupt warming over the EWP was initiated by a short wave radiation (SWR) anomaly in association with a preceding warming in the ECP. The cooling in the ECP happened about 6 months later than that of the EWP and was primarily attributed to anomalous oceanic zonal and vertical temperature advections.     

平流层大气对太阳辐射能的吸收

本文讨论了如下三个问题:1.设计了一套计算平流层大气对太阳辐射吸收的计算公式。2.讨论了利用平面层大气来代替曲率大气对太阳辐射吸收引起的误差。3.计算了1,7月份太阳对平流层大气的加热。     

近百年湖北省湖泊演变特征研究

利用20世纪初以来的地图、历史文献资料和1986～2005年期间7年不同时相的TM影像数据,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术和方法,分析近百年湖北省湖泊的时空演变特征。研究结果表明:①近100多年来,湖北省湖泊演化可以分为4个阶段,并且具有明显的地域差异性。②20世纪初期,湖北省湖泊面积约为26000km2,到2005年为3025.6km2,仅为百年前的11.64%;近百年来绝大部分湖泊面积都在缩小,部分湖泊因围垦或其他原因已完全消失或变为它用,部分湖泊形态发生了较大变化;人类活动是湖北省湖泊百年变迁的主导因素。③20世纪下半叶湖北省湖泊变化迅速,湖北省湖泊面积由50年代的约8503.7km2波动减小至80年代的约2977.3km2,发生在60～80年代的围垦是造成湖泊萎缩的主要原因;从90年代开始,因重视湖泊保护和退田还湖,使湖泊萎缩的态势得到遏制,局部湖泊面积有所恢复。     

振动枱原理和地震检波器的试验

地震检波器惯性体的运动方程可以写成: （1） n₀为检波器在无阻尼时的固有圆频率,h为检波器的阻尼常数,y为地面的位移。如用动圈检波器,其输出电压E的方程可写成: （2） S=Bl,称为检波器的电磁放大系数,B为所用磁钢空气隙中的磁感量,l为线圈的有效长度。自公式（1）及（2）可以见到:如果知道了检波器的常数h,n₀和S,检波器的特性便完全确定;然后我们就可以推算检波器惯性体的运动,或是线圈的输出电压与地面运动     

东亚地区大气辐射能收支(三)--云天大气的地气系统热量收支

本文是东亚地区大气辐射能收支”的第三部分,讨论了如下几个问题: 1.云天大气长波辐射和辐射差额分布。结果指出,除7月份西藏高原地区外,云天和晴天长波辐射分布特征基本相同,而其辐射差额分布又和相应月份的大气长波辐射分布特征基本一致。 2.东亚地区对流层大气热源热汇分布:8月份整个东亚地区都是冷源,在新疆地区和中国东部北纬32°—25°之间有两个冷中心。在7月份整个东亚地区都是热源,在西藏高原东南部有一个最强的热源中心。新疆北部有一个小的热源中心。 3.东亚各地区的地气系统各种热量收支。首先就整个东亚地区地气系统而言,7月份得到热量基本上补偿了1月份损失的热量,但就大气而言,1月份热量损失大于7月份热量的获得。其次各地区各种热量收支特征并不一致。