The generation and propagation of surface waves resulting from suddenly created disturbances over water surfaces is investigated. The initial boundary conditions defining the disturbance are given either by a velocity of the free surface, an initial elevation of the free surface or a pressure impulsively applied on the free surface. It is shown that the corresponding three forms of solutions are related by a simple time derivative. Linear solutions are obtained in the cases where the wave motion is assumed to be nondispersive, mildly dispersive and fully dispersive, as well as in the case where the motion is given by the method of stationary phase. Criteria are established to indicate the limit of validity of each method. 相似文献
Mega-earthquakes and extreme climate events accompanied by intrinsic fragile geology lead to numerous landslides along mountain highways in Taiwan, causing enormous life and economic losses. In this study, a system for rapid slope disaster information integration and assessment is proposed with the aim of providing information on landslide occurrence, failure mechanisms, and subsequent landslide-affected areas to the highway authority rapidly. The functionality of the proposed system is deployed into three units: (1) geohazard rapid report (GeoPORT I), (2) multidisciplinary geological survey report (GeoPORT II), and (3) site-specific landslide simulation report (GeoPORT III). After landslide occurrence, the seismology-based monitoring network rapidly provides the initial slope disaster information, including preliminary location, event magnitude, earthquake activity, and source dynamics, within an hour. Within 3 days of the landslide, a multidisciplinary geological survey is conducted to collect high-precision topographical, geological, and remote-sensing data to determine the possible failure mechanism. After integrating the aforementioned information, a full-scale three-dimensional landslide simulation based on the discrete element method is performed within 10 days to reveal the failure process and to identify the areas potentially affected by subsequent disasters through scenario modeling. Overall, the proposed system can promptly provide comprehensive and objective information to relevant authorities after the event occurrence for hazard assessment. The proposed system was validated using a landslide event in the Central Cross-Island Highway of Taiwan.
The importance of public participation has been discussed and well understood for some time, and many people have moved beyond
the development of ideas to putting them into practice. During the past few years, stakeholder theory, one of the most popular
theories originating from the field of business management, has been attracting immense attention due to its utility in raising
representativeness in government. For instance, Hemmati (Multi-stakeholder process for governance and sustainability: beyond
deadlock and conflict. Earthscan, London, 2002) argued that multi-stakeholder processes (MSPs) might be effective methods toward generating better policy options under
the current democratic paradigm. In real life, however, stakeholder theory often has not been appropriately adopted in the
field of environmental management. Sometimes, planners, prompted by the difficulty of identifying stakes, have used the term
“stakeholders” as roughly synonymous with “participants”, thus impairing the content of stakeholder theory. Different from
previous work in the field of flood management, we propose an original approach, the spatial analysis of a flood project for
resident stakeholders (SAFPRS), to identify resident stakeholders in a flood project, rather than merely improving the weakness
of stakeholder identification. Hopefully, this approach might ameliorate the current situation in Taiwan, where some important
stakeholders have been too easily excluded in the execution of flood projects. 相似文献