Radar Observations of Leonid Meteor Shower 2003

Observations carried out during Leonid meteor shower 2003, by using Indian MST radar (13.46^N, 79.18^E; dip 12.5^N) are used to determine the number density of meteoroids through the cross section of the meteor streams. Cross sections are calculated for a number of classes of echo duration (particle size). They are also used to determine the relative flux of the shower in particle size ranges producing radar meteor echoes having durations <0.4 s, 0.4–1 s and >1 s. Mean activity profiles along the Earth's passage through the stream show a systematic change of the peak activity and the width of the stream depending on the distribution of echo durations across the stream. The patterns of mass distribution index s are presented and discussed.     

水体表面温度反演研究综述

水体表面温度是研究全球或区域气候变化、数值天气预报的重要参数,是控制水体与大气热量、水分交换的重要变量,对理解水体生物物理过程具有重要意义。卫星观测水表温度具有传统手段不可比拟的技术优势,同时也存在精度和质量上的限制和挑战。本文总结了观测水表温度常用的红外、微波传感器及其分辨率特征,并比较分析了各类传感器的优势、劣势和分辨率适用的时空尺度;在区别不同手段观测的水表温度基础上,分别概述了红外遥感和微波遥感反演水表温度的理论基础,以及常用的算法模型;基于水表温度反演的原理和过程,系统分析了云、水汽、气溶胶、比辐射率等不确定性因素,对反演精度的影响及解决方法,并对精度验证方法做了简单介绍;最后,对水体表面温度反演的发展趋势进行了展望,并指出多源数据的同化融合、优势互补是提升水温反演精度的重要途径。     

Geminid Meteor shower activity 2003–2005 as observed by Gadanki radar

The distribution of meteor signals reflected from a backscatter radar is considered according to their duration. This duration time (T) is used to classify the meteor echoes and to calculate the mass index (S) of different meteoroids of shower plus sporadic background. Observational data on particle size distribution of the Geminid meteor shower are very scarce, particularly at low latitudes. In this paper the observational data from Gadanki radar (13.46°N, 79.18°E) have been used to determine the particle size distribution and the number density of meteoroids inside the stream of the Geminid meteor shower. The mean variation of meteor number density across the stream has been determined for three echo duration classes, T<0.4, T=0.4–1 and T>1 s. We are more interested in the appearance of echoes of various durations and therefore meteors of various masses in order to understand more on the filamentary structure of the stream. It is observed that the faint particle flux peaks earlier than the larger particles. We found a decreasing trend in the mass index values from the day of peak activity to the next observation days. The mass index profile was found to be U-shaped with a minimum value near the time of peak activity. The observed minimum s values are 1.64±0.05 and 1.65±0.04 in the years 2003 and 2005, respectively. The activity of the shower indicates the mass segregation of meteoroids inside the stream. Our results are best comparable with the “scissors” structure model of the meteoroid stream formation of Ryabova [2007. Mathematical modeling of the Geminid meteoroid stream. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375, 1371–1380] by considering the asteroid 3200 Phaethon as an extinct comet.     

长江流域水资源空间分配

针对当前水资源空间分配方法存在影响因素选择不全,权重设计主观性强,且难以适用于大尺度流域范围等问题,该文提出了一种面向长江流域的水资源空间分配模型。该模型选取了年均降雨量、地形坡度、地表植被覆盖和区域集水面积作为水资源分配的影响因子,利用相关性分析方法和AHP层次分析法优化了因子影响权重设计,实现了长江流域的水资源空间分配,并采用长江流域二级子流域的水资源量统计数据进行精度检验。实验结果揭示了长江流域水资源量在1km格网尺度的空间分布差异,表明了该文面向长江流域水资源空间分配模型的合理性和准确性。     

Rapid visual screening of different housing typologies in Himachal Pradesh,India

Natural Hazards - Methods capable of assessing the vulnerability of houses for future earthquakes are of fundamental importance for the safety and development of an area. As the detailed assessment...