Influence Mechanism of Mine Pressure on Coal Seam Gas Emission During Mining

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Gas is one of the main factors causing coal mine accidents in China. Understanding the mechanism of the influence of mine pressure on coal seam gas...     

支点法分析桩锚体系及基于监测的参数反演

以变形作为控制条件的基坑支护结构设计是一个十分复杂的工程问题,由于支点法具有计算模式明确、过程简单的优点,受到广大工程设计人员的欢迎。但是,支点法中土抗力系数卅的选取是工程界的一大难题,在支点法计算中m值选取的准确性直接影响支护结构位移和内力的计算结果,所以将支点法建模及反分析方法应用于实际工程,在开挖过程中考虑了支撑变形的非线性,开发了FORTRAN程序对支护结构进行了反演计算。通过反演分析m值并预测支护结构的变形,实现支护动态设计信息化施工。结果表明,位移反分析法进行深基坑工程中的参数反演与位移预测取得比较好的效果,说明该方法在深基坑开挖反演、预测方面是合理可行的。     

云南者桑金矿床富金矿石类型与地球化学特征研究

云南富宁者桑金矿床位于我国滇黔桂"金三角"区域,是该区的大型卡林型金矿床之一。为了更为详细地了解卡林型金矿在富金矿石中的赋存状态以及地球化学特征,该文以者桑金矿床中几种不同类型赋金矿石:辉绿岩型矿石、泥质板岩或粉砂岩型矿石、泥灰岩型矿石的载金黄铁矿及毒砂为研究对象,进行矿物特征观察和地球化学特征分析。结果表明:辉绿岩型矿石中,破碎状毒砂、细粒自形毒砂、拉长菱形毒砂的尖端含金性较优;泥质板岩或粉砂岩型矿石中,脉状黄铁矿集合体、粗粒自形五角十二面体含金性较优;泥灰岩型矿石普遍含金,其中细粒菱形毒砂的含金性尤为显著。不同矿石类型中载金矿物的含金性与硅化、炭化、绢云母化等密切相关;黄铁矿w(Fe)、w(S)关系,黄铁矿、毒砂晶形特征以及微量元素Co/Ni关系,揭示者桑金矿床属中—低温热液成因;Au-As关系表明者桑金矿床金主要是以"不可见"形式的晶格金和纳米金赋存于赋金矿石中。     

Generation of Palaeocene Adakitic Andesites by Magma Mixing; Yanji Area, NE China

Palaeocene (c. 55–58 Ma) adakitic andesites from the Yanjiarea, NE China, are typically clinopyroxene-bearing sodic andesitescontaining 60· 9–62· 2% SiO₂ and 4·02–4· 36% MgO, with high Mg-number [100 Mg/(Mg+ Fe) atomic ratio] from 65· 5 to 70· 1. Whole-rockgeochemical features include high Cr (128–161 ppm) andNi (86–117 ppm) concentrations, extremely high Sr (2013–2282ppm), low Y (10–11 ppm) and heavy rare earth elements(HREE; e.g. Yb = 0· 79–1· 01 ppm), and mid-oceanridge basalt (MORB)-like Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions[e.g. ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr(i) = 0· 70298–0· 70316,_Nd(t) = +3· 8 to +6· 3 and ²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb = 17·98 – 18· 06], analogous to high-Mg adakites occurringin modern subduction zones. However, mineralogical evidencefrom clinopyroxene phenocrysts and microcrystalline plagioclaseclearly points to magma mixing during magma evolution. Iron-richclinopyroxene (augite) cores with low Sr, high Y and heavy REEcontents, slightly fractionated REE patterns and large negativeEu anomalies probably crystallized along with low-Ca plagioclasefrom a lower crustal felsic magma. In contrast, high Mg-numberclinopyroxene (diopside and endiopside) mantles and rims havehigher Sr and lower HREE and Y concentrations, highly fractionatedREE patterns (high La/Yb) and negligible Eu anomalies, similarto those found in adakites from subduction zones. The Yanjiadakitic andesites can be interpreted as a mixture between acrust-derived magma having low Mg-number and Sr, and high Yand HREE, and a mantle-derived high Mg-number adakite havinghigh Sr and low Y and HREE concentrations. During storage and/orascent, the mixed magma experienced further crustal contaminationto capture zircons, of a range of ages, from the wall rocks.The absence of coeval arc magmatism and an extensional tectonicregime in the Yanji area and surrounding regions suggest thatthese Palaeocene adakitic andesites were formed during post-subductionextension that followed the late Cretaceous Izanagi–Farallonridge subduction. Generation of these adakitic andesites doesnot require contemporaneous subduction of a young, hot oceanicridge or delamination of eclogitic lower crust as suggestedby previous models. KEY WORDS: magma mixing; adakitic andesites; Palaeocene; NE China     

Magnetostratigraphy and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility of the Lulehe Formation in the Northeastern Qaidam Basin

The timing of onset of deposition of the Lulehe Formation is a significant factor in understanding the genesis of the Qaidam basin and the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we describe a detailed magnetostratigraphic and magnetic fabric study of the middle and lower parts of the Lulehe Formation. A total of 234 samples were collected from 117 sites throughout a thickness of almost 460 m of fluvial and lacustrine deposits at the Xitieshan section in the northeastern Qaidam basin. Out of these sites, 94 sites yielded well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization components by stepwise thermal demagnetization and were used to establish the magnetostratigraphy of the studied section. Based on correlation with the geomagnetic polarity timescale, the studied section spans the period from 53.8 Ma to 50.7 Ma. Our results show a three-fold decrease in sedimentation rates as well as marked change in facies from braided river to delta and shore–shallow lake around 52.6 Ma, which suggests tectonic uplift of the northeastern Qaidam basin margin ridge was rapid at the onset of formation of the Qaidam basin and subsequently weakened after 52.6 Ma. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results indicate that tectonic compression stress had reached the northeastern Tibetan Plateau by the early stages of Indo–Eurasian plate collision and that the direction of stress in the study area was NE–SW. Furthermore, a weakening of tectonic compression stress around 52.6 Ma is consistent with sedimentary records. The age of initial deposition of the Qaidam basin (around 53.8 Ma) was almost synchronous with that of the Qiangtang, Hoh Xil, Xining, and Lanzhou basins, which implies that stress was transferred rapidly through the Tibetan Plateau during or immediately after the onset of Indo–Eurasian collision.     

地应力与岩体模量关系的理论及试验研究

岩体模量（弹性模量及变形模量）是工程岩体力学特性的基础参数之一,研究地应力状态与岩体模量之间的关系具有重要意义.基于静弹性热力学模型原理,结合弹性理论,推导了水平主应力与岩体性质参数的定量关系,并对地应力与岩体模量的关系进行了探讨.在此基础上,以赣龙铁路梅花山隧道为依托,开展了围岩应力及岩体模量参数的现场测试工作,并将实测成果与理论分析进行对比.结果表明：当埋深影响较小时,花岗岩中的水平主应力与岩体模量呈线性正相关关系;当埋深相差较大时,深度对地应力及岩体模量的影响均不可忽略,水平主应力与岩体模量一般呈非线性关系,需要进一步研究;对花岗岩中的岩体弹性模量和变形模量与水平主应力之间的相关性进行对比发现,岩体变形模量与水平主应力的相关性更好.研究成果可为工程岩体力学参数取值及评价提供借鉴.     

冀中坳陷古近系沉积构造特征与油气分布规律

依据冀中坳陷的沉积构造演化特征、地层发育和油气成藏特点,把冀中坳陷划分出12个凹陷和7个凸起。认为冀中坳陷古近纪经历了5个沉积演化阶段,发育两大成湖期和多种类型的储集体,形成了东西分带、南北分区的沉积构造格局。认为东西分带的沉积格局控制东富西贫的油气分布特点,源岩母质类型控制南油北气的分布特点,洼槽类型控制油气资源潜力和油气勘探前景,次级构造带控制油气藏类型、油气贫富程度和油气聚集带形成,以古潜山为主体的复式油气聚集带是油气聚集的主要形式。最终指出,冀中坳陷具有较大的油气资源潜力和良好的油气勘探前景,深化老区勘探是华北油田找油的必由之路。     

Clay record of climate change since the mid‐Pleistocene in Jiujiang,south China

To obtain a better understanding of climate change in south China in the Quaternary, a clay mineralogical study was undertaken on the red earth profile at Jiujiang, using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and particle‐size distribution analysis methods. The XRD results showed that the clay minerals of the Jiujiang red earth were mainly mixed‐layer illite–smectite (I/S), illite, kaolinite and vermiculite, with trace amounts of mixed‐layer kaolinite–smectite (K/S). Changes in clay mineral composition displayed a trend of three‐stage evolution. The higher mixed‐layer I/S clays and kaolinite contents in the lower portion suggest extremely warm and humid climates over the period c. 700 to c. 350 ka ago. A gradual decrease in I/S clays and kaolinite reveals a gradual climate change from warm/humid to cool/dry during the period c. 350 to c. 130 ka ago. The higher illite and vermiculite contents indicate a relatively cool and dry climate during the period since c. 130 ka ago. The particle‐size distribution pattern of the upper section was similar to that of the Xiashu loess, while that of the middle to lower section was similar to those of fluvially reworked red earth. A rapid increase in the abundance of large grain‐size components at 2.6 m depth indicates an intensification of the winter monsoon and a cool and dry climate during the period, in good agreement with results from the clay mineral composition and homogeneous structure. The red earth sequences in south China could probably be used to test the response of tropical to subtropical regions to global climate changes.