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1.
Responses of a Mediterranean soft bottom community to short-term (1993-1996) hydrological changes in the Rhone river 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The polychaete fauna of muddy bottoms off the Rhone delta (NW Mediterranean) was seasonally sampled at two sites at 70 m depth, from 1993 to 1996. During this period, five severe flood events occurred. A clustering analysis (distance coefficient of Whittaker) and three way fixed factor ANOVAs (site x season x year) showed strong year-to-year changes in species density and community structure, changes that masked seasonal variations. Total density increased by a factor of 3 and density of most species significantly increased following the first flooding event. Changes in the community structure were due to the successive dominance of a few species. The opportunistic species, such as Cossura sp., Mediomastus sp. and Polycirrus sp., exhibited peaks in density 1-3 months after the flood. These peaks were followed by a drastic decline. For species with a long life span, such as Sternaspis scutata, a slower but continuous increase in density was observed which was maintained for several months. The density fluctuations of these species exhibited a good correlation with river flow with time lags of 1-2 years. The successional dynamics observed are explained according to the geographical origin of the floods and the biology and feeding ecology of species. 相似文献
2.
Estimating concentrations or flow rates along a stream network requires specific models. Two classes of models, recently proposed in the literature, are generalized, to the intrinsic case in particular. We present a global construction by ‘streams’, i.e. on the whole set of paths between sources and outlet. Combining stationary or intrinsic one-dimensional random functions leads to stationary or intrinsic models on segments, with discontinuities at the forks. A construction from outlet to sources, leads to stationary or intrinsic models on each stream, without any discontinuity at the forks. The linear variogram is found as a particular case. The extension to the linear model of coregionalization is immediate, allowing a multivariate modelling of concentrations. To cite this article: C. de Fouquet, C. Bernard-Michel, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006). 相似文献
3.
Chantal Alibert Les Kinsley Malcolm T. McCulloch Felicity McAllister 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(2):231-246
Massive corals in the Great Barrier Reef, analyzed at high-resolution for Sr/Ca (thermal ionization mass spectrometry) and trace elements such as Ba and Mn (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), can provide continuous proxy records of dissolved seawater concentrations, as well as sea surface temperature (SST). A 10-yr record (1989 to 1998) from Pandora Reef, an inshore reef regularly impacted by the freshwater plumes of the Burdekin River, is compared with an overlapping record from a midshelf reef, away from runoff influences. Surface seawater samples, taken away from river plumes, show little variability for Sr/Ca (8484 ± 10 μmol/mol) and Ba (33.7 ± 0.7 nmol/kg). Discrete Ba/Ca peaks in the inshore coral coincide with flood events. The magnitude of this Ba/Ca enrichment is most likely controlled by the amount of suspended sediments delivered to the estuary, which remains difficult to monitor. The maximum flow rate at peak river discharge is used here as a proxy for the sediment load and is shown to be strongly correlated with coral Ba/Ca (r = 0.97). After the wet summer of 1991, the coral Ba/Ca flood peak is followed by a plateau that lingers for several months after dissipation of plume waters, signifying an additional flux of Ba that may originate from submarine groundwater seeps and/or mangrove reservoirs. Both Mn and Y are enriched by a factor of ∼5 in inshore relative to midshelf corals. Mn/Ca ratios show a seasonal cycle that follows SST (r = 0.7), not river discharge, with an additional high variability in summer suggesting a link with biological activity. P and Cd show no significant seasonal variation and are at a low level at both inshore and midreef locations. However, leaching experiments suggest that part of the coral P is not lattice bound. 相似文献
4.
Philippe Ponel Russell Coope Pierre Antoine Nicole Limondin-Lozouet Chantal Leroyer Andr-Valentin Munaut Jean-Franois Pastre Frdric Guiter 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2005,24(23-24):2449-2465
Two Lateglacial insect sequences are described (a) from Conty, in the Selle valley and (b) from Houdancourt in the Oise valley, both in northern France. These investigations are part of a multidisciplinary investigation involving archaeology, sedimentology, geomorphology, geochronology and palaeontology (pollen, macroscopic plant remains, vertebrates, molluscs and insect fossils). The sequences of insect assemblages date from the latter part of the Bølling to the end of the Allerød periods. Environmental analysis of these faunas shows that rivers with riffles and pools meandered across flood plains. The river was extensively fringed with reedy vegetation. The only trees growing close to the river were of Salix and/or Populus. All the insect assemblages indicate that the thermal climates during the Bølling and Allerød periods were similar to one another and during both periods were very nearly as warm as that of the present day. No insect fossils were recovered from the sediments attributed to the Older Dryas interval though other evidence from these sites suggests that this event was decidedly colder than those immediately preceding and succeeding it. Comparisons are made between Lateglacial climatic patterns in northern France with those elsewhere in Europe. 相似文献
5.
Delphine Yeghicheyan Cécile Bossy Martine Bouhnik Le Coz Chantal Douchet Guy Granier Alexie Heimburger Francois Lacan Aurélie Lanzanova Tristan C. C. Rousseau Jean‐Luc Seidel Mickaël Tharaud Frédéric Candaudap Jérôme Chmeleff Christophe Cloquet Sophie Delpoux Marie Labatut Rémi Losno Catherine Pradoux Yann Sivry Jeroen E. Sonke 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(4):449-467
The natural river water certified reference material SLRS‐5 (NRC‐CNRC) was routinely analysed in this study for major and trace elements by ten French laboratories. Most of the measurements were made using ICP‐MS. Because no certified values are assigned by NRC‐CNRC for silicon and 35 trace element concentrations (rare earth elements, Ag, B, Bi, Cs, Ga, Ge, Li, Nb, P, Rb, Rh, Re, S, Sc, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, W, Y and Zr), or for isotopic ratios, we provide a compilation of the concentrations and related uncertainties obtained by the participating laboratories. Strontium isotopic ratios are also given. 相似文献
6.
7.
Chantal Guillard Hervé Delprat Can Hoang-van Pierre Pichat 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,16(1):47-59
The photodegradation of naphthalene (NPH), chosen as a model of polynuclear aromatic pollutants, has been studied in the presence of a layer of four water-insoluble inorganic solids which can be found in the troposphere (TiO2, Fe2O3, muscovite, and a fly ash sample). Direct photolysis of NPH is negligible at >340 nm. Dark adsorption of NPH on TiO2 (mainly anatase, nonporous, 50 m2 g–1) at 293 K corresponds to a surface coverage ofca. 50% at equilibrium. Under these conditions (saturated surface), the stationary-state photocatalytic degradation reaches 0.4 molecule nm–2 h–1 (>340 nm, radiant fluxca. 22 mW cm–2). Dioxygen is required and its partial pressure in air is such that the degradation is zero order in O2. Water vapor markedly increases the rate. The other particulates have also an effect, less important than that of TiO2, however quite noticeable with respect to surface area unit for the fly ash sample which contains 3.2% Fe2O3. Apart from 1,4-naphthoquinone, which is the main intermediate product in all cases, 2-naphthol, phthalide, phthaldialdehyde, phthalic acid, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid are also formed on dry TiO2. Depending on their volatility, these compounds are transferred to the gas phase or remain principally adsorbed on the solid particles where they are further transformed. For instance, phthalic acid (or anhydride) and benzoic acid are generated from 1,4-naphthoquinone. Degradation mechanisms are briefly discussed. 相似文献
8.
Nicholas P. Dunning Carmen McCane Tyler Swinney Matthew Purtill Jani Sparks Ashley Mann Jon‐Paul McCool Chantal Ivenso 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(3):167-199
Over the past thirty years, geoarchaeology has moved from the fringe to mainstream status within Mesoamerican archaeological investigations. This review focuses on works published since the year 2000. Five themes are identified as central to recent studies: (1) the correlation of environmental change and cultural history; (2) anthropogenic environmental impacts; (3) ancient land cover, land use, and diet; (4) archaeological prospection; and (5) provenance studies. These themes are often interwoven in the application of complex systems approaches that allow scientists to more accurately model the intricacies of ancient human–environment interactions. 相似文献
9.
Chantal M. Swan David A. Siegel Norman B. Nelson Craig A. Carlson Elora Nasir 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(12):2175-2192
Recent in situ observations of chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM) in the Pacific Ocean reveal the biogeochemical controls on CDOM and indicate predictive potential for open-ocean CDOM in diagnosing particulate organic matter (POM) remineralization rates within ocean basins. Relationships between CDOM and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrients and inorganic carbon in the subthermocline waters of the Pacific reflect the relative influences of water mass ventilation and water-column oxidative remineralization. Apparent in situ oxygen utilization (AOU) accounts for 86% and 61% of variance in CDOM abundance, respectively, in Antarctic Intermediate Water and North Pacific Intermediate Water. In the deep waters of the Pacific below the zone of remineralization, AOU explains 26% of CDOM variability. The AOU–CDOM relationship results from competing biogeochemical and advective processes within the ocean interior. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is not statistically linked to the CDOM or AOU distributions, indicating that the majority of CDOM production occurs during the remineralization of sinking POM and thus potentially provides key information about carbon export. Once formed in the ocean interior, CDOM is relatively stable until it reaches the surface ocean where it is destroyed by solar bleaching. Susceptibility to bleaching confers an additional tracer-like quality for CDOM in water masses with active convection, such as mode waters that appear as subsurface CDOM minima. In the surface ocean, atypically low CDOM abundance highlights a region of unusually extreme oligotrophy: the subtropical South Pacific gyre. For these hyper-oligotrophic waters, the present CDOM observations are consistent with analysis of in situ radiometric observations of light attenuation and reflectance, demonstrating the accuracy of the CDOM spectrophotometric observations. Overall, we illustrate how CDOM abundance in the ocean interior can potentially diagnose rates of thermohaline overturning as they affect regional biogeochemistry and export. We further show how relative surface ocean CDOM abundances are driven in large part by processes occurring in the deep layers of the ocean. This is particularly significant for the interpretation of the global surface distribution of CDOM using satellite remote sensing. 相似文献
10.