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Participatory ecological monitoring brings together conservationists and members of the public to collect data about changes in nature. This article scrutinizes the “social nature” of such monitoring, considering not only its impacts for nature, but also society, and importantly the ways in which these interact. Drawing on the field of nature–society studies we present a framework with which to explore case studies from the community forests of Nepal. We document the importance of multiple knowledges of nature, including what is referred to as “local monitoring” and its relation to the scientific procedures promoted in participatory monitoring; the consequences of participatory monitoring as a situated and embodied practice, such that it may (re)produce social inequalities; and the place of monitoring within the wider socioecological regime, with regard to possible unintended consequences for both nature and society. This article thus expands our understanding of the complexities of this increasingly popular approach to conservation. 相似文献
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These essays are offered as a contribution to the ongoing scholarly discourse concerned with environmental problems in East
Central Europe (ECE). In this volume we concentrate on the local through papers that indicate the nature of environmental
challenges and ways in which progress is being made not merely by legislation but by negotiating sustainability in a range
of local situations. Written by social scientists, largely geographers and anthropologists, from Western Europe as well as
ECE and North America these essays provide ethnographically-detailed case studies of local environmental transformations in
eight different countries. The emphasis on locality studies unites all the authors who, in different ways, develop the central
idea that the macrosociological oversimplifications of the 1980s and 1990s can only be countered, and indeed corrected, through
careful consideration of the diversity of local realities. All the case studies are concerned with the environmental dimensions
of postcommunist transformations, whether that be through pollution abatement, restructuring over rights to natural resources
such as forests or the implementation of ecotourism as a local redevelopment strategy. Sustainable development is therefore
a leitmotif of this collection and most of the papers offer empirically-grounded critique of the concept insofar as it has
permeated debates about local development in the postcommunist world.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Caedmon S Marriott Gideon M Henderson Nick S Belshaw Alexander W Tudhope 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(2):615-624
Lithium and calcium isotope ratios, together with the Li/Ca element ratio, have been measured in calcites precipitated inorganically at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C, and on seasonal growth bands from a coral. These measurements indicate the potential uses of these three environmental proxies. Carbonate Li isotopes are lighter than the solution from which they grow, probably due to equilibrium fractionation. This fractionation is not significantly influenced by temperature and, because Li is not involved in any known biological process, this suggests that carbonates will provide a recorder for the past Li-isotope composition of natural waters and hence for past weathering conditions. As has been observed previously for inorganic aragonite, the Ca-isotopes in inorganic calcite are lighter than the growth solution, and are only weakly dependent on temperature. This confirms that the temperature dependence observed in some species of foraminifera [Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (2001)] reflects additional isotope fractionation due to biological processes during mineralization. Ca isotopes may therefore provide a powerful tool with which to investigate the processes of biomineralization. Finally, Li/Ca ratios in inorganic and biogenic carbonates increase as temperatures decrease with a sensitivity of ≈4% per °C. This temperature dependence of Li/Ca may prove useful to assess past temperatures in cold environments such as the deep ocean. 相似文献
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