长江口细颗粒泥沙的絮凝特性试验

笔者取长江口铜沙浅滩的沉积物,配制成浓度为7.5克/升的悬浊液,利用沉降天平观察,分析了不同盐度下絮凝临界粒径、临界盐度即絮凝体峰值粒径达最大的临界盐度和絮凝体沉速达最大的临界盐度。絮凝体的沉速和在静水环境下絮凝趋于完全所需要的絮凝时间。     

Seasonal variation in lysosomal destabilization in oysters,Crassostrea virginica

Lysosomal destabilization assays have been used as valuable biomarkers of pollutant exposures in a variety of bivalve and fish species. The responses of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, deployed at and native to various reference and degraded sites were evaluated for lysosomal destabilization during both summer and winter seasons. In both native and deployed oysters, lysosomal destabilization rates tended to be higher during the winter at both reference and polluted sites. There are at least two hypothetical explanations. Greater lysosomal destabilization rates may be related to physiological changes associated with mobilization of nutrient reserves during the winter and gametogenesis. However, lysosomal destabilization in deployed oysters was correlated with tissue metal concentrations. These data also support a second hypothesis that seasonal differences in physico-chemical factors (such as reduced levels of acid volatile sulfides) may increase the bioavailability of metals during the winter so that adverse effects are more pronounced.     

Expression of P-glycoprotein in southeastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica

These studies provide important fundamental information regarding the expression of P-glycoprotein (p-gp) in southeastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Using rhodamine transport studies, p-gp activity was detected in newly fertilized embryos. A monoclonal antibody (C219) was used to evaluate p-gp expression in oyster tissues. On the basis of laboratory studies, p-gp expression tended to be higher in gill tissues than mantle tissues, and was generally not related to salinity differences. Seasonal studies were conducted with oysters collected monthly for 1 year from Lighthouse Creek, an unpolluted site. There was a general pattern of higher p-gp expression in the warmer months and lower expression in the colder months. In contrast, total gill protein concentrations decreased during the warmer months and increased during the colder months. These studies indicate that there are seasonal patterns in p-gp expression which may represent an adaptive response to natural stressors associated with summer conditions.     

天津蓟县东水厂锰方硼石矿床成因新认识

天津蓟县东水厂锰方硼石矿床是世界上唯一一个具有经济开发价值的锰方硼石矿床,锰方硼石赋存与中元古代高于庄组二段泥晶白云岩中。本文通过微量元素分析探讨了锰方硼石的成矿环境,测定结果显示Sr/Ba=0.125~0.128;V/(Ni+V)=0.230~0.320;Th/U=4.356~4.898;V/Cr=0.018~0.026,各微量元素对比值范围变化不大;LREE总量为66.12×10~(-6)~67.90×10~(-6),HREE总量(包含Y)为18.88×10~(-6)~19.56×10~(-6),LREE/HREE值为3.38~3.60,Y/Ho值介于28.25~29.14之间,δCe介于0.829~0.854之间,显示为弱的负Ce异常,δEu值介于0.831~0.846之间,显示为弱的负Eu异常。地球化学数据指示其成矿环境属海相沉积环境,海水环境为相对氧化的状态,成矿过程中有陆源物质的加入。Sm/Nd-Eu/Sm图解表明研究区与柴达木盆地第三系蒸发岩较为相似,反应锰方硼石成矿时具有类似的蒸发成因。通过对硼同位素(δ~(11)B的数值范围为1.4‰~10.7‰)的解译进一步探讨了锰方硼石在原生成矿阶段的具体成因(海相蒸发沉积)。结合前人所做的锰方硼石地球化学数据,对东水厂锰方硼石矿床的成因做出了新的解释,即锰方硼石成矿时应属海相蒸发成因,而热液活动的过程则可能是发生于锰方硼石成矿之后,属后期热液改造作用,从而形成了锰方硼石复杂的地球化学特征。