大尺度电离层行扰的GPS观测

利用日本境内的高空间分辨率的双频GPS台站资料,观测研究了发生于2000年7月中旬太阳强活动期间的一次大尺度电离层行扰. 结果表明:在7月15日11:00UT-1:00UT期间观测区域的电离层中出现了大尺度电离层行扰. 在15:00UT之前,扰动周期为2h左右,在15:00UT以后,扰动周期为1h左右;总电子含量扰动幅度的变化范围约为1-2TECU;通过对15:00-17:00UT之间总电子含量扰动曲线同相位点的分析,发现这期间的电离层行扰的扰动速度约为600-700m/s,扰动波长在2200km左右,扰动传播的方向几乎沿着经线从高纬向低纬传播. 该行扰与此次强太阳活动有直接的关系,因其发生在7月15日的磁暴急始之前数小时,因此与磁暴本身没有因果关系,应与磁暴之前先期到达地球空间的高能质子流有关.     

Remnants of an ancient forest on the continental shelf of northwest Japan

Tree stumps in a standing position have been discovered in 20 to 40 meters of water in Toyama Bay, Japan. Radiocarbon dated samples from two of these stumps yielded ages of 8.480±70 and 9.060±80 years B.P., indicating that the stumps are remnants of a forest that existed during thc early Holocene.     

Submerged forest off Nyuzen, Kurobegawa alluvial fan, Toyama Bay, Central Japan

Remnants of a submerged ancient forest have been found on the continental shelf of NW Japan off the Kurobe alluvial fan in Toyama Bay. The remains, standing tree stumps and roots, are located at depths between 20 and 40 m and ages of 8,000 years B.P. to 10,000 years B.P. have been determined by the ¹⁴C method. Alnus and Salix are the most commonly preserved genera and the trees grew on the now sub-merged seaward margin of the alluvial fan. Pollen analysis permits an estimate of palaeo-temperatures 2°C to 4°C lower than at present. Diatoms give some indication of salinity variations at the time of forest development and suggest brackish water, possible lagoonal conditions. The distribution of the stumps and roots suggests that there were probably two separate forests which were overwhelmed by rising sea-level and flash flood deposits. The present day submarine exposures may be due to recent submarine erosion related to the seaward movement of flood waters which passed from the fan into the upper reaches of the Toyama submarine canyon system.