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1.
H. M. Hussein K. M. Abou Elenean I. A. Marzouk A. Peresan I. M. Korrat E. Abu El-Nader G. F. Panza M. N. El-Gabry 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(3):525-546
The aim of the present work is to compile and update a catalogue of the instrumentally recorded earthquakes in Egypt, with
uniform and homogeneous source parameters as required for the analysis of seismicity and seismic hazard assessment. This in
turn requires a detailed analysis and comparison of the properties of different available sources, including the distribution
of events with time, the magnitude completeness, and the scaling relations between different kinds of magnitude reported by
different agencies. The observational data cover the time interval 1900–2004 and an area between 22°–33.5° N and 25°–36° E.
The linear regressions between various magnitude types have been evaluated for different magnitude ranges. Using the best
linear relationship determined for each available pair of magnitudes, as well as those identified between the magnitudes and
the seismic moment, we convert the different magnitude types into moment magnitudes M
W, through a multi-step conversion process. Analysis of the catalogue completeness, based on the M
W thus estimated, allows us to identify two different time intervals with homogeneous properties. The first one (1900–1984)
appears to be complete for M
W ≥ 4.5, while the second one (1985–2004) can be considered complete for magnitudes M
W ≥ 3. 相似文献
2.
3.
On May 28, 1998, a moderate size earthquake of mb 5.5 occurred offshore the northwestern part of Egypt (latitude 31.45°N and
longitude 27.64°E). It was widely felt in the northern part of Egypt. Being the largest well-recorded event in the area for
which seismic data from the global digital network are available, it provides an excellent opportunity to study the tectonic
process and present day stress field occurring along the offshore Egyptian coast. The source parameters of this event are
determined using three different techniques: modeling of surface wave spectral amplitudes, regional waveform inversion, and
teleseismic body waveform inversion. The results show a high-angle reverse fault mechanism generally trending NNW–SSE. The
P-axis trends ENE–WSW consistently with the prevailed compression stress along the southeastern Hellenic arc and southwestern
part of the Cyprean arc. This unexpected mechanism is most probably related to a positive inversion of the NW trending offshore
normal faults and confirms an extension of the back thrusting effects towards the African margin. The estimated focal depth
ranges from 22 to 25 km, indicating a lower crustal origin earthquake owing to deep-seated tectonics. The source time function
indicates a single source with rise time and total rupture duration of 2 and 5 s, respectively. The seismic moment (M
o) and the moment magnitude (M
w) determined by the three techniques are 1.03 × 1017 Nm, 5.28; 1.24 × 1017 Nm, 5.33; and 1.68 × 1017 Nm, 5.42; respectively. The calculated fault radius, stress drop, and the average dislocation assuming a circular fault model
are 7.2 km, 0.63 Mpa, and 0.11 m, respectively. 相似文献
4.
Matthieu Ferry Mustapha Meghraoui Najib Abou Karaki Masdouq Al-Taj Hani Amoush Salman Al-Dhaisat Majdi Barjous 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,260(3-4):394-406
We investigate the late Quaternary active deformation along the Jordan Valley segment of the left-lateral Dead Sea Fault and provide new insights on the behaviour of major continental faults. The 110-km-long fault segment shows systematic offsets of drainage systems surveyed at three sites along its southern section. The isotopic dating of six paleoclimatic events yields a precise chronology for the onset of six generations of gully incisions at 47.5 ka BP, 37.5 ka BP, 13 ka BP, 9 ka BP, 7 ka BP, and 5 ka BP. Additionally, detailed mapping and reconstructions provide cumulative displacements for 20 dated incisions along the fault trace. The individual amounts of cumulative slip consistently fall into six distinct classes. This yields: i) an average constant slip rate of 4.7 to 5.1 mm/yr for the last 47.5 kyr and ii) a variable slip rate ranging from 3.5 mm/yr to 11 mm/yr over 2-kyr- to 24-kyr-long intervals. Taking into account that the last large earthquake occurred in AD 1033, we infer 3.5 to 5 m of present-day slip deficit which corresponds to a Mw 7.4 earthquake along the Jordan Valley fault segment. The timing of cumulative offsets reveals slip rate variations critical to our understanding of the slip deficit and seismic cycle along major continental faults. 相似文献
5.
Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to hydrochemical and isotopic data of 34 groundwater samples. This allowed the reduction of 20 variables to four significant PCs that explain 81.9% of the total variance; F1 (47.1%) explains the groundwater mineralization, whereas F2 (17%) shows isotopic enrichment and nitrate pollution. Based on an iso-factor scores map of F1, three water zones were delineated: Zone A (F1 < ?1), with fresh groundwater from the unconfined aquifer; Zone B (1 > F1 > ?1), with moderate mineralization from the confined–unconfined aquifer boundary; and Zone C (F1 > 1), with the most mineralized hot water from the confined aquifer. The iso-factor scores map of F2 delineates positive values representing samples from the unconfined aquifer, with freshwater and nitrate contamination associated with stable isotope enrichment, whereas negative values represent samples from the confined aquifer. The results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of PCA in groundwater hydrochemistry investigations. 相似文献
6.
Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
T. Mourabit K. M. Abou Elenean A. Ayadi D. Benouar A. Ben Suleman M. Bezzeghoud A. Cheddadi M. Chourak M. N. ElGabry A. Harbi M. Hfaiedh H. M. Hussein J. Kacem A. Ksentini N. Jabour A. Magrin S. Maouche M. Meghraoui F. Ousadou G. F. Panza A. Peresan N. Romdhane F. Vaccari E. Zuccolo 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(2):301-318
North Africa is one of the most earthquake-prone areas of the Mediterranean. Many devastating earthquakes, some of them tsunami-triggering, inflicted heavy loss of life and considerable economic damage to the region. In order to mitigate the destructive impact of the earthquakes, the regional seismic hazard in North Africa is assessed using the neo-deterministic, multi-scenario methodology (NDSHA) based on the computation of synthetic seismograms, using the modal summation technique, at a regular grid of 0.2?×?0.2°. This is the first study aimed at producing NDSHA maps of North Africa including five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The key input data for the NDSHA algorithm are earthquake sources, seismotectonic zonation, and structural models. In the preparation of the input data, it has been really important to go beyond the national borders and to adopt a coherent strategy all over the area. Thanks to the collaborative efforts of the teams involved, it has been possible to properly merge the earthquake catalogues available for each country to define with homogeneous criteria the seismogenic zones, the characteristic focal mechanism associated with each of them, and the structural models used to model wave propagation from the sources to the sites. As a result, reliable seismic hazard maps are produced in terms of maximum displacement (D max), maximum velocity (V max), and design ground acceleration. 相似文献
7.
Wael Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Kawy Islam H. Abou El-Magd 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2299-2311
Overpopulation and food security are the main global problems alert decision makers. In developing countries, such problem put extra pressure for horizontal expansion for agricultural development. The rapid sprawl of urbanized areas on the alluvial land of the River Nile and delta to accommodate the population growth has encouraged governmental and private sector for agricultural expansion in the desert. Unless there are reliable information and accurate studies for land and soil suitability, there will be a collapse of such investment. To evaluate the potential suitability of soil for agriculture development in areas of the western desert, satellite images, geographic information, and field survey including soil profiles and artesian water samples with laboratory analysis were integrated to classify the soils according their suitability for specific crop. The main land qualities of the different mapping units and the crop requirement were rated and matched to obtain the current and potential land suitability using Automated Land Evaluation System “ALES”. The study found that the main physiographic units are plateaus, hilland, mountain, and depression floor. But there are three limiting parameters for land suitability which are the lack of nutrient elements, wind erosion vulnerability, and soil texture. The study concluded that the best crops adapted with the soil conditions and could be feasible for economic use are: (1) native vegetation such as agol, sand trees, sammar, halfaa, bawaal, qordaob, bardi, and qortom; (2) filed crops such as onion, garlic, watermelon and wheat; and (3) fruits such as olive and date palms. 相似文献
8.
The modified Cam clay (MCC) model is used to study the response of virgin‐compressed clay subjected to undrained triaxial compression. The MCC constitutive relationship is obtained in a closed form. Both elastic and plastic deviatoric strains are considered in the analysis. The solution allows to obtain total and effective stress paths followed by the clay in undrained spherical expansion. Pore water pressures are determined from the difference between total and effective mean stresses. For illustration purposes, the analysis is also applied to the well‐known reconstituted normally consolidated London clay and the results are compared with the recently published data obtained by a numerical approach. In addition, the Almansi large strains are used in the analysis, as these allow to obtain limit expansion and pore pressures, whereas both small‐strain and logarithmic‐strain approaches do not permit to determine them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Source parameters and ground motion of the Suez-Cairo shear zone earthquakes,Eastern Desert,Egypt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three felt earthquakes with local magnitudes 4.0 (June 29th, 2000), 4.2 (July 07th, 2005) and 3.7 (October 30th, 2007) occurred
to the southeast of Cairo along the Suez-Cairo shear zone. Being the most well recorded events by the Egyptian National Seismic
Network (ENSN) in this area, they provide us an excellent opportunity to study the tectonics, the stress field, the source
parameters, and the expected ground motion at Cairo. The focal mechanisms of the three events based on the first motion P-wave
polarities indicate mainly normal faulting with a slight strike-slip component along nodal planes trending nearly EW and NW–SE.
The three focal solutions imply a rejuvenation of the pre-existing EW and NW–SE faults due to a partly transfer of rifting
deformation from the Red Sea-Gulf of Suez along these trends. Dynamic source parameters of these events are estimated from
the P-wave spectra of the closest ENSN stations. The average values of the seismic moment, stress drop, rupture radius, and
fault dislocation are estimated from six stations and interpreted in the context of the tectonic setting. These parameters
in addition to the effects of site and path are used to synthesize the ground motion seismograms using stochastic modeling
technique at the recorded stations and at some strategic sites. 相似文献
10.