三层地铁车站振动台试验的数值模拟

进行了三层地铁车站大型振动台试验,获得了可靠的试验数据。通过室内实验获取了模型材料和土体材料的力学参数。基于ABAQUS有限元计算平台,建立了振动台试验的二维有限元模型,处理了混凝土本构模型及其参数的选取、土体本构模型及其参数的选取、阻尼设置、边界条件设置等问题。对多种工况下的试验结果和模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,按照本文建议的建模方法,可以很好地重现振动台试验,数值模拟结果无论在趋势上还是数值上都和试验结果符合得很好。     

Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia and examples of its applications to environmental problems

Results of comprehensive geochemical mapping and thematic studies of the Slovak territory (rocks, soils, stream sediments, groundwaters, biomass, and radioactivity) in the first half of the 1990s led to several new research programmes in Slovakia, within the frame of which new methodologies for geochemical data evaluation and map visualization were elaborated. This study describes the application and elaboration of data from the Geochemical Atlas of the Slovak Republic at national and regional levels. Based on the index of environmental risk (I_ER = ΣPEC/PNEC), the level of contamination for the geological component of the environment in Slovakia was evaluated. Approximately 10.5% of Slovakia’s territory was characterized as being environmentally disturbed to highly disturbed. In the areas where environmental loadings have accumulated, 14 regions where environmental risks existed due to high element concentrations were defined. The model calculations of health risk estimates based on the databases of the Geochemical Atlas for groundwater and soils indicate that the possible risk occurrence of carcinogenic diseases from groundwater arsenic contents is high in more than 10% of Slovakia, whereas the chronic risk is negligible. To determinate the background and threshold levels a combined statistical–geochemical approach was developed and applied as an example for groundwater at the national level as well as for single groundwater bodies. The results of statistical method application for the whole groundwater body (GBW) were compared with the background values for anthropogenically non-influenced areas in GBW. Final background value took into account time variations and spatial distribution of the element in GBW. Furthermore, based on the database from the Geochemical Atlas for groundwater, groundwater bodies potentially at qualitative risk were delineated for the whole of Slovakia. From a total of 101 groundwater bodies 17 were characterized as being at risk and 22 as being at possible risk.     

Causal thinking and support for climate change policies: International survey findings

Few comparative international studies describe the climate change policies people are willing to support and the reasons for their support of different policies. Using survey data from 664 economics and business undergraduates in Austria, Bangladesh, Finland, Germany, Norway, and the United States, we explore how perceived risk characteristics and mental models of climate change influence support for policy alternatives. General green policies such as funding research on renewable technologies and planting trees were the overwhelmingly most popular policy alternatives. Around half the students support carbon reduction policies such as requiring higher car fuel efficiency and increasing taxes on fossil fuels. Least popular were engineering alternatives such as fertilizing the oceans and replacing fossil fuels with nuclear power. Variations among nations are generally small. Support for different policy alternatives corresponds with different causal thinking. Those who hold a pollution model of the causes of climate change, tend to blame environmental harms (e.g., air pollution from toxic chemicals), see general green policy alternatives as effective, and support general green policies. Support of carbon reduction strategies is associated with seeing carbon emissions as the cause and reducing carbon emissions as effective solutions. Support of engineering solutions increases with identifying volcanoes among causes and regarding engineering solutions as effective. Although these international students agree that climate change is a threatening problem, their causal thinking correlates with support for different mitigative policy actions, with the most popular ones not necessarily the most effective.     

三层地铁车站振动台试验分析

为了探究多层地下结构地震破坏机理,进行了三层地铁车站振动台试验.试验采用微粒混凝土模型,严格按照相似比和配筋率对模型进行加筋配置.填土采用哈尔滨地铁施工挖掘出的扰动土.装土箱采用自主研制的层叠剪切箱以减小边界效应.通过对试验加速度和应变的分析可得到以下主要结论:(1)地下结构在地震中的破坏,主要是由位移控制的;(2)多...     

Application of a groundwater contamination index in Finland and Slovakia

A methodology is presented for evaluating and mapping the degree of groundwater contamination by applying the contamination index C _d . The applicability of the contamination index was tested in two distinctly different geological regions: the area between Uusikaupunki and Yläne in southwestern Finland and the Brezno area in central Slovakia. The index takes into account both the number of parameters that exceed the upper permissible concentrations of contaminants or potentially harmful elements and the part of the concentrations exceeding those values. The water-quality parameters reflect the effect of diverse natural (topographical, climatical, geological, biological) and anthropogenic (type of land use, local pollution) environmental factors on groundwater quality. In Finland, technical-aesthetic contamination was found over more than half the test area. These quality problems were most often related to acidity and high concentrations of organic carbon and Al and Fe in wells. Health-risk-based contamination, mainly caused by elevated concentrations of fluoride, radon, or nitrate, was found in only a few separate areas. In Slovakia, naturally contaminated and anthropogenically polluted groundwaters could be distinguished. The geogenic pollution is mainly derived from sulfide mineralizations. In both countries the strongest anthropogenic pollution was found in intensively cultivated areas.     

对钻孔γ测井反褶积分层解释法某些问题的研讨

本文讨论了反褶积分层解释法的二个重要性质,证明了反褶积法与现用的平均法在“全矿段”上可以认为是基于同一原理,地质特征参数a没有总体效应,因a取值不准在各个分层上引起的正负含量误差是互补的。文章还提出并论证了γ异常微分曲线的对数梯度最大值g_(max)是地质特征參数a的合适取值。在实践中用a=g_(max)进行分层解释,误差小,基本上消除了负含量现象。     

一种顾及钟差周期误差和随机特性的卫星钟差预报方法

提出一种顾及钟差周期误差和随机特性的卫星钟差预报方法。首先通过比较二次多项式加1、2、3、4个主要周期误差的模型,取其优者求得钟差预报的拟合值;然后针对拟合残差值的随机特性采用灰色模型进行建模,求得拟合值残差预报值;最后,将其与之前求得的预报值相结合得到最终的钟差预报值。采用IGS的15 min精密钟差数据进行实验,结果表明,在短期预报中,加2个主要周期误差的模型预报性能最好,并且新模型的预报精度优于常用算法。