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1.
Widdows J Donkin P Staff FJ Matthiessen P Law RJ Allen YT Thain JE Allchin CR Jones BR 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(4):327-356
The objective of this research was to quantify the impact of pollution along the coastlines of the Irish Sea. Pollution assessment was based on the combined measurement of scope for growth (SFG), and chemical contaminants in the tissues of mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from 38 coastal sites around the Irish Sea during June-July in 1996 and 1997. On the UK mainland coast, the SFG showed a general trend with a significant decline in water quality in the Liverpool and Morecambe Bay region. High water quality was recorded along the west coast of Wales, as well as southwest England and northwest Scotland (clean reference sites outside the Irish Sea). Along the coast of Ireland there was a similar trend with reduced SFG within the Irish Sea region. SFG was generally low north of Duncannon and then improved north of Belfast. The poor water quality on both sides of the Irish Sea is consistent with the prevailing hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of contaminants associated with urban/ industrial development. The decline in SFG of mussels on both sides of the Irish Sea was associated with a general increase in contaminant levels in the mussels. Certain contaminants, including PAHs, TBT, sigmaDDT, Dieldrin, gamma-HCH, PCBs, and a few of the metals (Cd, Se, Ag, Pb), showed elevated concentrations. Many of these contaminants were particularly elevated in the coastal margins of Liverpool Bay, Morecambe Bay and Dublin Bay. A quantitative toxicological interpretation (QTI) of the combined tissue residue chemistry and SFG measurements indicated that at the majority of coastal sites, c. 50 to > 80% of the observed decline in SFG was due to PAHs as a result of fossil fuel combustion and oil spills. TBT levels were highest at major ports and harbours, but these concentrations only made a minor contribution to the overall reduction in SFG. At no sites were individual metals accumulated to concentrations that could cause a significant effect on SFG. The study identified many sites where the observed reduction in SFG was far greater than predicted from the limited number of chemical contaminants analysed, thus indicating the presence of additional 'unknown toxicants'. Sewage (containing domestic, agricultural and industrial components) appears to be an important contributor to reduced SFG and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and As may provide suitable 'sewage markers'. There was a highly significant positive correlation between SFG and As (P < 0.001). This relationship may be due to reduced As uptake by algal food material and mussels at sites with elevated P04 concentrations (e.g. at sites with sewage inputs). Phosphate is a known competitive inhibitor of As accumulation, at least in algae. The results highlight that further research is required on 'sewage markers' in mussels. The SFG approach therefore provides a rapid, cost-effective and quantitative measure of pollution impact, as well as a means of identifying the causes through a QTI of tissue contaminants levels. It also serves to identify the presence of unidentified toxicants and areas that require further study. 相似文献
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本文分析了采自南极长城湾、阿德雷湾的21个粘土矿物样品。X射线衍射分析、差热分析及化学分析表明,海区粘土矿物主要由蒙脱石(51~70%)、蒙脱石—伊利石、蒙脱石—绿泥石混层矿物(23~65%)、伊利石(16~42%)、绿泥石(7~17%,含蛭石)及高岭石(4~18%)组成。粘土矿物的分布,在长城湾内,以蒙脱石—伊利石混层矿物为主,在长城湾湾口区,则以蒙脱石为主。显然,这一特征受到物质来源及海湾地形的影响。海湾区粘土矿物主要来自毗连陆地玄武岩类的风化产物,伊利石主要来自邻近海域,以蒙脱石及其混层矿物为主的组合及其化学组成表明,海湾邻近陆地曾经历过较强的化学风化作用阶段。 相似文献
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We submitted individual aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of hydrothermal petroleum from Escanaba Trough to compound specific isotope analysis to trace their origins. The carbon isotope compositions of the alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (means -27.5 and -24.7%, respectively) reflect a primarily terrestrial organic matter source. 相似文献
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西秦岭“混杂堆积”及构造发展史 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
近年来,国内外不少地学工作者对板块构造进行了大量的研究工作,有人还对隐生宙的板块活动进行了探讨。混杂堆积(Mélange)作为板块构造的重要记录,在滨太平洋及特堤斯构造带极为发育。如美国西部的佛兰西斯堪混杂堆积,我国台湾东部的利吉层混杂堆积,土耳其东 相似文献
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公婆泉盆地局部排泄源氧化还原属性与铀矿化关系探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在系统分析公婆泉盆地地质背景、水文地质条件的基础上,对该区局部排泄源氧化还原属性与铀矿化的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明,局部排泄源的存在对铀矿化具有重要作用,当局部排泄源属于还原性质时,铀矿体常常分布于该排泄源上游;若属氧化性质,排泄源铀矿体通常位于其下游或附近。公婆泉盆地存在相对氧化和相对还原的二种局部排泄源,北骆驼泉区的沙泉沟与平沙地、麻黄沟、北骆驼泉沟排泄源之间应为有利的铀矿化地段。 相似文献
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在学习党的十六大精神的基础上,结合赣州市气象部门的实际,对如何做好基层台站政治思想工作,从营造关心人、尊重人、理解人的角度进行了一些有益的思考. 相似文献