A field-based population model for the sediment toxicity test organism Leptocheirus plumulosus: I. Model development

We describe the development of a stage-structured population matrix model for the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, a sediment toxicity test organism, based on regular sampling of a natural population for approximately 2 years. Annual population dynamics were characterized by abundance peaks in the spring and fall, and low densities in the summer and winter. We use a sequence of seasonal projection matrices to capture these qualitative patterns in population dynamics. We compare two methods for estimating transition probabilities: multiple regression and truncated singular value decomposition (SVD). Overall, SVD gave more realistic parameter estimates than regression, although fecundity estimation was problematic. There were predictable trends in growth, survival and fecundity within years. The SVD-derived model provides a framework for assessing the population-level effects of contaminants on Leptocheirus.     

土地利用与土地覆盖变化

文章概要介绍国际地圈－生物圈计划的核心计划之一－土地利用与土地覆盖变化的科学计划。阐述了该计划的形成历史，科学目标以及主要研究内容，指出ＬＵＣＣ研究目的是改善对全球土地利用和土地覆盖变化动态过程的认识，以着重提高替土地覆盖变化的能力。     

澳大利亚特里托里(TERRITORY)北部ARLTUNGE金矿区含金石英脉分布的构造控制

1 绪言在几个世代的石英脉及与其共生的矿化建造中,渐进的脆性—韧性剪切带通常显示一种特有的型式。一组早期的贫金石英脉在剪切带内通常呈雁行状展布。这些石英脉随渐进的形变作用而变形,且被膨胀的石英脉穿切,这种膨胀脉是在剪切事件发生期间较晚期形成的,当时大多数的位移已形成于特有的狭窄裂隙带内。尽管人们通常能够识别上述矿化类型,但却未很好了解其成因和形态约束。本文涉及澳大利亚中部若干后生脉状金矿床,这些矿床是代表从韧性发展到脆性一韧性剪切带中矿化的极好实例。设想通过详细的岩性和构造形态地     

Mass and flux distributions from DNAPL zones in sandy aquifers

At three industrial sites in Ontario, New Hampshire, and Florida, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), released decades ago as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), now form persistent source zones for dissolved contaminant plumes. These zones are suspended below the water table and above the bottoms of their respective, moderately homogeneous, unconfined sandy aquifers. Exceptionally detailed, depth-discrete, ground water sampling was performed using a direct-push sampler along cross sections of the dissolved-phase plumes, immediately downgradient of these DNAPL source zones. The total plume PCE or TCE mass-discharge through each cross section ranged between 15 and 31 kg/year. Vertical ground water sample spacing as small as 15 cm and lateral spacing typically between 1 and 3 m revealed small zones where maximum concentrations were between 1% and 61% of solubility. These local maxima are surrounded by much lower concentration zones. A spacing no larger than 15 to 30 cm was needed at some locations to identify high concentration zones, and aqueous VOC concentrations varied as much as four orders of magnitude across 30 cm vertical intervals. High-resolution sampling at these sites showed that three-quarters of the mass-discharge occurs within 5% to 10% of the plume cross sectional areas. The extreme spatial variability of the mass-discharge occurs even though the sand aquifers are nearly hydraulically homogeneous. Depth-discrete field techniques such as those used in this study are essential for finding the small zones producing most of the mass-discharge, which is important for assessing natural attenuation and designing remedial options.     

秦岭地区的线、环构造及其地质、成矿意义

笔者在参加西安地矿所"秦岭地区卫片构造解译"工作中,利用美国陆地卫星1、2、3号象片对秦岭构造进行了解译.在此基础上对解译所获线、环构造及其与地球物理、地球化学特征、侵入岩、矿产分布关系与地质成矿意义作了分析.由于卫片精度和研究程度所限,只能认为这种分析是初步的.不当之处,敬希批评指正.     

中国西部周边邻区构造—火山—成矿建造特征及时空分布规律

概述了我国西部周边毗邻地区主要褶皱系及该区的火山-成矿建造特征、演化趋势和时空分布规律。指出该区与火山活动有关金属矿产是丰富的,主要有铜、铅、锌、铁、金、钼和铀等。成矿时代有7个,主要分布于前苏联的哈萨克斯坦-天山、中阿富汗-巴基斯坦和中、北印度地区。该区构造-火山-成矿建造的演化趋势与时空分布规律表现了从晚前寒武纪至新生代、从西伯利亚克拉通南缘至阿拉伯海北海岸的3个有序演化。在对比我国有关地区的地质成矿条件之后,提出了我国有关地区的一些找矿远景地区。     

布什维尔德杂岩UG—2铬铁岩层中亲铜元素和铂族元素的分布

绪言 Hiemstra(1985)曾在有关UG—2层的研究中指出,铂族元素浓度的对数值随高度(从铬铁岩底部升高某一距离后的高度)直线下降。铂族元素的这一关系早已由有关元素分馏的瑞利定律所预言。然而,亲铜元素镍和铜的行为并不与此相似,尽管它们与UG—2层和梅林斯基层中的铂族元素通常有着很好的相关关系。这种区分即使存在的话大概也被随后     

秦岭地区的线、环构造及其地质、成矿意义

笔者在参加西安地矿所“秦岭地区卫片构造解译”工作中,利用美国陆地卫星1、2、3号象片对秦岭构造进行了解译。在此基础上对解译脐获线、环构造及其与地球物理、地球化学特征、侵入岩、矿产分布关系与地质成矿意义作了分析。由于卫片精度和研究程度所限,只能认为这种分析是初步的。不当之处,敬希批评指正。