When the Light of the Home is Abroad: Unskilled Female Migration and the Filipino Family

The migration of women engaged in transnational domestic work reveals how the uneven impacts of globalisation have intruded into the micro‐world of families and households. In this age of globalisation and migration, family membership has become multisited or transnational, with members dispersed in space. The migration of workers and the separation this entails has raised challenges to notions and ideals of “being family”. Unlike other workers on the move, the migration of domestic workers has some distinctive characteristics. It can be framed in terms of women moving between families and households; workers whose departure from their family of origin and insertion into their family of employment reconstitute the structure and content of family relationships in both material and imagined ways. Drawing on in‐depth interviews conducted in the Philippines and Singapore, we explore how migrant women and their family members define and negotiate family ideals, gender identities and family relationships, given the family's transnational configuration. Our findings provide some support to the notion that individual members in transnational families resort to “relativising” in fashioning responses to their situation.     

Hydromorphology of a part of Azamgarh and Ghazipur districts,Uttar Pradesh

Hydrogeological studies in the Quaternary alluvial plain of a part of Azamgarh and Ghazipur districts, using air photos on scale 1:60,000 indicate the presence of five hydromorphic units namely, Alluvial upland, older alluvial plain of Mangat-Besu, older flood plain of Ganga—Gomti, youngest terrace of Ganga—Gomti and present flood plain of Ganga-Gomti. From the groundwater point of view older flood plain of Ganga—Gomti is the most promising hydromorphic unit. Abandoned channel of river Ganga offers favourable site for deep groundwater exploration with high potentiality. Chemical quality of shallow and deep aquifers is suitable for irrigation and other purposes.     

Disaster preparedness of local governments in Panay Island,Philippines

Disaster preparedness plans reduce future damages, but may lack testing to assess their effectiveness in operation. This study used the state-designed Local Government Unit Disaster Preparedness Journal: Checklist of Minimum Actions for Mayors in assessing the readiness to natural hazards of 92 profiled municipalities in central Philippines inhabited by 2.4 million people. Anchored on the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, it assessed their preparedness in 4 criteria—systems and structures, policies and plans, building competencies, and equipment and supplies. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences, frequency count, percentage, and weighted mean. The local governments were found highly vulnerable to tropical cyclone and flood while vulnerable to earthquake, drought, and landslide. They were partially prepared regardless of profile, but the coastal, middle-earning, most populated, having the least number of villages, and middle-sized had higher levels of preparedness. Those highly vulnerable to earthquake and forest fire were prepared, yet only partially prepared to flood, storm surge, drought, tropical cyclone, tornado, tsunami and landslide. The diverse attitude of stakeholders, insufficient manpower, and poor database management were the major problems encountered in executing countermeasures. Appointing full-time disaster managers, developing a disaster information management system, massive information drive, organizing village-based volunteers, integrating disaster management into formal education, and mandatory trainings for officials, preparing for a possible major volcanic eruption and crafting a comprehensive plan against emerging emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a 360° preparedness.

     

Palaeogeomorphic reconstruction of quaternary delta in alluvial plains of West bengal and Orissa

In the vast alluvial plains of West Bengal and Orissa several deltaic plains exist, occurring in an off-lap sequence. These deltas were formed in the background of eustatic fluctuations during the Quaternary Period. They were built partly during rising sea level and pertly during stationary sea level stages. Landform analysis through aerial photographs as well as Landsat imagery interpretation, attested by field study, helped to establish the palaeogeomorphology of these Quaternary deltas. Possible mode of sedimentation during different phases of sea level fluctuations has been worked out     

婆罗洲西部中生代古太平洋安第斯型俯冲的岩浆作用记录

古太平洋俯冲作用在婆罗洲如何表现，有何地质记录？西北婆罗洲与西南婆罗洲是否属于以板块缝合线分割的不同陆块，中生代时期婆罗洲西部与我国东南沿海存在何种关联？回答上述科学问题是揭秘中生代古太平洋俯冲体系的关键一环。本文系统综合了近年笔者在西北和西南婆罗洲所开展的野外调查和代表性火成岩的主微量元素和Sr- Nd- Pb同位素组成、以及锆石U- Pb年代学和Hf- O同位素数据。研究表明，西北婆罗洲发育三叠纪(约256~216 Ma)由少量新生地壳物质参与的基底熔融而成花岗质岩石。沙捞越古晋带(Sarawak Kuching zone)卢帕线(Lupar Line)的帕控(Pakong)和萨拉邦(Sarabang)镁铁质岩石形成于约98~84 Ma，以卢帕线所代表的洋盆主要发育于白垩纪。沙捞越古晋带内前人划属的三叠纪西连组(Serian)火山岩中至少有相当部分与佩达万(Pedawan)组沉积岩系和诗马丹- 伦杜- 诗里阿曼(Sematan- Lundu- Sri Aman)花岗质岩石同期，为晚白垩世(约95~77 Ma)产物。加里曼丹西北地区原定义为上三叠统—下侏罗统的孟嘉影(Bengkayang)组沉积岩属上侏罗统，莱雅(Raya)组火山岩形成于早白垩世(约144~130 Ma)。同时在加里曼丹西北定义的孟嘉影花岗岩和门西堡(Mensibau)花岗岩基分别为晚侏罗世(~155 Ma)和早白垩世(约140~130 Ma)产物。在西南婆罗洲，以往认为属上古生界的夸扬(Kuayan)组和吉打邦(Ketapan)组为上三叠统—下侏罗统或下侏罗统沉积，其物源为巽他古陆活动大陆边缘产物。原划属变质基底的帕诺杂岩(Pinoh Complex)及默努努(Menunuk)组变火山岩主体形成于早白垩世(约135~120 Ma)。以往填图为喀拉巴(Kerabai)组的火山岩可进一步细分为早侏罗世(~190 Ma)贝特农(Betenung)火山岩组、晚侏罗世(~155 Ma)库达根(Kudamgan)火山岩组和晚白垩世(约102~85 Ma)喀拉巴火山岩组。作为西南婆罗洲主体的苏卡达纳(Sukadana)岩基并非前人划属的晚白垩世，而是至少包含了早侏罗世(~190 Ma)贝拉班(Belaban)岩体、晚侏罗世(约160~150 Ma)门腾巴(Mentembah)岩体和晚白垩世(约87~72 Ma)苏卡达纳岩体的复式岩基。由西北婆罗洲和西南婆罗洲构成的婆罗洲西部至少发育了约200~190 Ma、~155 Ma、约140~125 Ma和约99~77 Ma四期岩浆作用，且空间上自西而东依次年轻，与我国东南沿海地区和南海北部陆架具高度一致性。不论在西北婆罗洲还是西南婆罗洲，其早、晚侏罗世和早白垩世镁铁质和长英质火成岩均有着相似Sr- Nd- Pb- Hf- O同位素组成，以正的或接近零的εNd(t)、太平洋型Pb同位素组成、正的锆石εHf(t)和地幔型δ18O值为特征，他们分别起源于受俯冲组分改造的地幔楔或其新生镁质地壳。沙捞越古晋带晚白垩世卢帕线帕控- 萨拉邦镁铁质岩石以高度亏损εNd(t)的MORB型岩石为特征，分布于沙捞越古晋带和南施瓦纳山的晚白垩世镁铁质和长英质火成岩均显示出弧型地球化学属性。研究表明：西南婆罗洲与西北婆罗洲之间缺乏早中生代板块缝合边界，两者一起构成婆罗洲西部,呈北北东向位于巽他古陆印支- 东马来陆块之东南缘。进一步的综合对比表明，早侏罗世—晚白垩世期间婆罗洲西部经历了自内而外向东扩展的俯冲增生造山作用，其晚白垩世俯冲边界发育于古晋带卢帕线—中加里曼丹帕朗卡拉亚(Palangkaraya)一带。从婆罗洲西部经我国东南沿海进入日本一线的东亚陆缘发育了中生代的长寿命(>120 Ma)巨型古太平洋安第斯型增生造山带，其俯冲作用于三叠纪—侏罗纪之交(~200 Ma)或更老(早三叠世)即已启动、且具“多阶段俯冲- 后撤”特点，直至晚白垩世末期方才转换为现今西太平洋俯冲体系。     

Geology in parts of Sainj Valley,Kulu district,Himachal Pradesh

The paper highlights the findings of photogeological studies, with selective field checks, carried out in Sainj Valley. For the first time, a photogeological map of the area has been prepared using large scale aerial photographs Structurally the area forms‘Window in a Window’ structure as the oldest rocks of Kulu formation are thrusted over the younger rocks of Larji Group (Larji and Banjar formations) and further Banjars are thrusted over Larjis. Thus, Larjis being stratigraphically youngest, occupy the lowest tectonic position. The Kulu formation mainly consists of Central Crystalline, schists and gneisses. Banjar is composed of quartzite, metabasics, slate and phyllite. Larji predominantly consists of dolomite and quartzite with slate and phyllite. The photogeological studies have helped to bring out the lineament pattern, landslide zones, major structural trends and main geological formations. The lineaments mainly trend in NNE-SSW, NW-SE, NE-SW and NNW-SSE directions. A key for photo-characters of different litho units and terrain elements of the area is established.     

Hydrological modelling of the Kangsabati river under changed climate scenario: case study in India

India is a large developing country with nearly two‐thirds of the population depending directly on the climate‐sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fisheries and forests. A very well‐calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R² = 0·9968, NSE = 0·91) was exercised over the Kangsabati river watershed in Bankura district of West Bengal, India, for a year including monsoon and non‐monsoon period in order to evaluate projected parameters for agricultural activities. Evapotranspiration, transmission losses, potential evapotranspiration and lateral flow to reach are evaluated from the years 2041–2050 in order to generate a picture for sustainable development of the river basin and its inhabitants. The projected climate change under various scenarios is likely to have implications on food production, water supply, biodiversity and livelihoods. India has a significant stake in scientific advancement as well as an international understanding to promote mitigation and adaptation. This requires improved scientific understanding, capacity building, networking and broad consultation processes. This paper is a commitment towards the planning, management and development of the water resources of the Kangsabati river by presenting detailed future scenarios of the Kangsabati river basin over the mentioned time period. The major findings of this paper were that of all the chosen projected parameters, transmission losses, soil water content, potential evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration and lateral flow to reach, display an increasing trend over the time period of years 2041–2050. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Soil Carbon and Nutrient Accumulation under Forest Plantations in Jharkhand State of India

The decrease and degradation of the tropical forests affect not only the production of timber but also the global environment in a large scale. The ability of soil to sustain and its supply of nutrients to a growing forest are controlled by a complex of biogeochemical processes. The purpose of the present study aims to assess the degraded forest fringe areas, to promote plantations of various types and to evaluate their impacts on the soil nutrients and carbon content accumulation. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient content were evaluated and compared between plantations of mixed native species (MNS), some native tree species as Shorea robusta, Dalbergia sissoo, Dendrocalamus spp., certain agro‐forestry species and some exotic varieties. The impacts of the plantations on the SOC and the nutrients were firstly analyzed through comprehensive chemical analyses and the results were compared with the soil samples collected prior to plantation forestry. Significant changes were observed in SOC content, in nutrients, and in amounts of exchangeable cations. Soil carbon levels were highest under the MNS, Dendrocalamus and Tectona grandis stands and lowest under D. sissoo and Terminalia arjuna. Total N showed highest levels under Dendrocalamus and Pongamia pinnata and significantly higher in stands of native species; lowest total N level was observed in D. sissoo plantations. The C/N ratios of the soil varied between 9.2 and 13.5 among the exchangeable cations. Ca²⁺ recorded the maximum levels and Na⁺ showed the lowest levels.