Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.     

胶东半岛大磨曲家金矿床成矿流体物理化学条件演化

胶东大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体包括水溶液包裹体、富CO2包裹体和高盐卤水包裹体3种类型,前两者发育较多,高盐卤水包裹体发育极少。流体包裹体显微测温及盐度、密度、压力估算显示,水溶液包裹体均一温度为98~376℃,据冰点温度估算,盐度为0.53%~8.28%,水溶液包裹体均一压力低于50×105Pa;富CO2包裹体完全均一温度为255~348℃,盐度为2.42%~11.43%,均一压力为1 000×105~2 500×105Pa;富CO2包裹体中CO2均一温度为23.0~32.4℃,指示该类包裹体可能含有数量不等的CH4或H2S。静水压力体制下,根据纯CO2包裹体均一压力估算成矿深度约为1 km。在270℃左右,均一压力从富CO2包裹体到水溶液包裹体急剧降低,指示成矿流体在270℃左右可能发生过一次减压沸腾过程,成矿流体盐度和密度在270℃左右也有显著的变化。因此,沸腾作用及其引起的成矿流体物理化学条件的急剧变化可能是导致大磨曲家金矿床成矿物质沉淀的重要机制。     

Origin of Gold—Bearing Fluid and Its Initiative Localization Mechanism in Xiadian Gold Deposit,Shandong Province

The composition of quartz inclusions and trace elements in ore indicate that gold-bearing fluid in the Xiadian gold deposit,Shandong Province,stemmed from both mantle and magma,belonging to a composite origin.Based on theoretical analysis and high temperature and high pressure experimental studies,gold-bearing fluid initiative localization mechanism and the forming environment of ore-host rocks are discussed in the present paper.The composite fluid extracted gold from rocks because of its expanding and injecting forces and injecting forces and flew through ore-conducive structures,leading to the breakup of rocks.The generation of ore-host faults and the precipitation of gold-bearing fluid occurred almost simultaneously.This study provides fur-ther information about the relationships between gold ore veins and basic-ultrabasic vein rocks and intermediate vein rocks,the spatial distribution of gold ore veins and the rules governing the migration of ore fluids.     

电子探针化学测年方法

介绍含Th U Pb矿物电子探针化学测年方法的基本原理 ,并利用应用实例说明该方法在研究岩石形成年龄、构造热事件年代等方面的重要作用 ,最后简要评价该方法的优、缺点 ,并指出它的应用前景 ,认为电子探针化学测年方法将有可能在深源岩石包体年龄研究、含放射性元素矿床形成年代研究等方面大有作为 ,并使地质年代学研究更加精细化 ,有助于深入探讨复杂地质事件及其演化历程。     

幔源流体判别标志及多层循环成矿作用动力学——以山东夏甸金矿床为例

山东夏甸金矿床成因一直有变质热液、岩浆热液和天水之争。经研究表明:尚有幔源流体加入成矿,其主要判别标志有:(ⅰ)深大断裂标志;(ⅱ)基性脉岩与矿脉交切和相伴标志;(ⅲ)稳定同位素地球化学标志;(ⅳ)流体包裹体地球化学标志;(ⅴ)幔源流体多层循环沟通标志。针对幔源流体总体循环系统特征与岩浆热液和天水的有机联系,将含矿流体划分3个子循环系统:(ⅰ)地幔富C,H,O,CO_2流体循环子系统;(ⅱ)中-下部地壳富硅流体循环子系统;(ⅲ)浅-表部富硫流体循环子系统。各自成矿功能主要受制于构造动力背景。     

铜陵矿集区印支-燕山期盖层形变场三维结构的实验重塑

在野外观测和流变学分析的基础上, 通过相似物理实验重塑了铜陵矿集区印支-燕山期的构造格架; 并采用“切片”与“剥层”的方法, 分解透析了矿集区盖层的这一三维变形结构. 其中, 垂直于褶皱枢纽的系列切面观察, 显示了实验模型与钻孔的剖面结构相似性; 逐层剥离分析表明, 模型各层的变形特征也与野外景观定性吻合. 通过对模型与野外现象之间平面景观和垂向结构的对比分析, 还发现此套构造格架有如下主要特征, 即: (1)三套北东向“S”型褶皱群组成了区域构造平面格局的基本框架; (2)在整体一致的统一应力场中, 不同部位、不同方位和不同层位中普遍可见不协调褶皱的分布; (3)与褶皱幅度向深部逐步衰减对应, 断裂系统的发育是由下而上逐步扩张, 且以低角度顺层滑脱断层为主体; (4)志留系层内流褶皱和劈理化高度发育的现象, 反映印支-燕山期构造层的变形效应在此层趋于中止. 这有可能暗示着志留系是该期脆-韧性变形转化的分界层次, 其下伏岩系当属另一套不同性质变形产物的事实.     

山东大尹格庄金矿蚀变岩中矿体分布稳定性的动力学控制参量探讨

元素品位分布的相依性指标——赫斯特指数(Hurst指数)是矿体分布稳定性的动力学控制参量,重标极差(R/S)分析是相依性分析的有效方法。利用R/S分析对胶东大尹格庄金矿黄铁绢英岩内不同勘探线金元素品位系列的Hurst指数计算发现,Hurst指数主要介于0.59至0.89之间,均值为0.75,标准差为0.09,均大于随机行走经验Hurst指数的均值与标准差;计算结果说明元素品位分布存在正相关性,但由于受多种因素影响,其空间分布的相依性具有一定波动。元素品位分布的正相依性显示在特定的地质背景内,矿体连续分布或者间断出现,发育相对稳定,其与大尹格庄金矿的地质事实相吻合。     

REE and Sr-Nd Isotope Geochemistry for Yixian Fluorite Deposit,Western Liaoning Province,China,and Its Geological Implications

Up to now,there were no systematic studies of geochemistry and isotopic age for the Yixian(义县) fluorite deposit,western Liaoning(辽宁) Province,China.Based on the analysis of metallogenic geological setting,we studied the REE,Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of fluorite are characterized by moderate LREE depletion(LREE/HREE=0.95-3.57,(La/Yb)N=0.08-2.84) and enrichment of Sr(146×10-6-596×10-6) and moderately positive Eu anomalies(δEu=1.10-1.34),which are similar to those of the ho...     

河南新安县郁山铝土矿床地质特征、成矿规律及成矿物质来源

河南郁山铝土矿区包括郁山、李村、杏树洼、煤窑洼4个铝土矿段。本溪组含铝岩系的分布、埋深及岩相特征直接控制铝土矿的赋存和空间特征。区内构造对含矿岩系的分布、产状、埋深及完整性等有重要的控制作用。含铝岩系厚度与铝土矿厚度及品位一般呈正变关系,即含铝岩系厚度大,铝土矿层厚而富。铝土矿物沉积于古地形中,大的凹陷沉积盆地控制着铝土矿带的分布范围和展布方向,其中小的洼地、溶洞、溶斗等具体控制铝土矿的矿体形态、产状、规模。河南郁山铝土矿为典型的喀斯特型铝土矿。铝土矿成矿物质均来自上地壳,为上地壳岩石经过风化而成,非花岗岩以及玄武岩等岩石类型;铝土矿物质来源与基底碳酸盐岩关系不大,具有一定距离的搬运,说明铝土矿物质来源非原地,而是异地来源;秦岭古陆提供了重要成矿物质。