1986—1988年黑潮的变异

对1986—1988年“向阳红09”号5个航次的黑潮调查及日本资料进行了分析,结果指出,这一期间黑潮又发生一次大弯曲现象。本文讨论了这次大弯曲的形成、强盛、衰消过程,认为东海PN断面的流量变异与黑潮大弯曲有一定联系,还对黑潮流量及流轴摆动均作了最大熵谱分析,获得其主要周期。     

晚太古代Sanukite（赞岐岩）与地球早期演化

Shirey and Hanson(1984)将某些太古代的高镁闪长岩套称为sanukite(赞岐岩),类似于日本中新世(11～15Ma)Setouchi火山岩带的高镁安山岩。Sanukitoids由闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成,不同于TTC岩套(奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩)。Sanukitoids具有下列地球化学特征:富Mg,Mg~#>0.60,Ni和Cr>100μg/g,Sr和Ba>500μg/g,LREE富集(大于球粒陨石100倍),无Eu异常。高镁安山岩在太古代很少见,而其相应的侵入岩高镁闪长岩或sanukitoids,虽然数量也很少,但却是各地晚太古代地体中随处可见的。Sanukitoids的原始岩浆是交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的,随后可能经历了广泛的分离结晶作用。TTC和sanukitoids岩套可以相伴产出,二者均与板片熔融有关,TTG与其直接有关,sanukitoids可能与其间接有关。全球Sanukitoids主要集中在晚太古代时期,可能暗示板块的消减作用在～3.0Ga以后才起了重要的作用。     

离岸深水全直桩码头动力简化计算方法研究

离岸深水全直桩码头结构长期承受波浪力、撞击力等动荷载作用,仅从静力角度分析不能满足工程设计要求。为研究离岸深水全直桩码头结构动力简化计算方法,利用ABAQUS软件建立了全直桩码头的嵌固点模型和结构-地基相互作用的三维弹塑性有限元模型。基于所建立的有限元模型,采用模态分析法研究了上述码头结构的自振特性。分析表明,结构基本周期较长,与波浪力、撞击力荷载周期接近,结构动力响应突出。进一步计算发现,全直桩码头结构在波浪力、撞击力荷载作用下的动力响应有限元计算结果与采用单自由度系统位移动力放大系数理论公式计算结果吻合较好,由此提出全直桩码头结构动力响应可按单自由度系统位移动力放大系数理论公式进行简化计算。在此基础上,结合规范中的m法、p-y曲线法、NL法提出了上述码头结构动力简化计算方法,通过与动力有限元计算结果对比,验证了所建立简化计算方法的正确性。     

MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN TYPHOON MORAKOT (2009)

Microphysical characteristics of the raindrop size distribution(RSD)in Typhoon Morakot(2009) have been studied through the PARSIVEL disdrometer measurements at one site in Fujian province,China during the passage of the storm from 7 to 10 August 2009.The time evolution of the RSD reveals different segments of the storm.Significant difference was observed in the microphysical characteristics between the outer rainband and the eyewall;the eyewall precipitation had a broader size distribution(a smaller slope) than the outer rainband and eye region.The outer rainband and the eye region produced stratiform rains while the eyewall precipitation was convective or mixed stratiform-convective.The RSD was typically characterized by a single peak distribution and well represented by the gamma distribution.The relations between the shape(μ)and slope(Λ)of the gamma distribution and between the reflectivity(Z)and rainfall rate(R)have been investigated.Based on the NW-Dm relationships,we suggest that the stratiform rain for the outer rainband and the eye region was formed by the melting of graupel or rimed ice particles,which likely originated from the eyewall clouds.     

格型钢板桩结构有限元数值分析

以有限元软件ABAQUS作为分析平台,建立波浪荷载作用下格型钢板桩结构稳定性及应力分析的三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。格型钢板桩采用壳体单元模拟,在相邻板桩之间设置铰接连接器模拟板桩之间的相对转动;土体采用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型模拟,在格型钢板桩与其内、外土体之间设置接触面单元模拟它们之间的滑移、张裂和闭合。结合某实际工程,研究结构的破坏模式、失稳特性和应力分布特性,分析参数变化对结构稳定性和环向拉力的影响,并对格内土体的剪切变形进行分析,建议格型钢板桩锁口拉力的验算断面。结果表明,铰接连接器的设置对于结构稳定性影响不大,但对环向拉力有一定影响;格内土体的剪切变形主要发生在格体中轴处,符合太沙基法结论。     

GYROMAT-3000型高精度陀螺仪定向精度探讨

介绍G-3000型高精度陀螺仪的工作原理,阐述大地方位角与真北方位角之间的关系,对利用已知边坐标方位角换算的真北方位角与G-3000型高精度陀螺仪测定的真北方位角进行比对,进而探讨其定向精度。     

哈罗铁路沿线沉积物粒度特征

哈罗铁路开通对沿线资源的开发具有重要意义,然而自开通以来饱受风沙危害.对铁路沿线及防沙体系内沉积物粒度特征参数进行了对比分析,以期为该线风沙危害的科学防治提供有益参考.结果表明:(1)铁路沿线沉积物组成以中细沙为主,灌丛沙地分选性中等至很差,偏度以近对称为主,峰度中等至很窄;戈壁区沉积物整体分选性较差,偏度以极正偏为主...     

青藏铁路格拉段典型沙害路段风沙地貌专题图编制

随着青藏铁路全线开通,风沙危害已成为影响铁路安全运营的主要环境问题之一。铁路沿线风沙危害路段主要集中在措那湖、沱沱河、北麓河等地。基于高分辨率卫星遥感影像QuickBird数据,通过野外实地勘察,同时参考Google Earth影像和DEM数据,绘制了3个典型沙害路段的风沙地貌专题图,地貌图比例尺为1:50000,采用二级分类系统,一级类为6个,共包含18个二级类。由于青藏铁路地处西风带中部急流区,风力强劲;铁路沿线生态环境脆弱、地表类型复杂,冻融和风蚀时空交错,地表沙物质丰富,风沙活动强烈而频繁,铁路沙害正呈现出迅速增长的态势。鉴于此,很有必要绘制青藏铁路沿线风沙灾害现状及防治措施布局的专题地图,为科学合理地制定青藏铁路沿线风沙危害综合防护体系提供依据。     

广西崇左三合巨猿大洞早更新世小哺乳动物群

最近在广西崇左三合大洞发现了步氏巨猿和似人似猿共生的新层位,与之伴生的有52种小哺乳动物,占三合大洞巨猿动物群总数的62%,其中苏门答腊兔（Nesolagus）是东南亚地区首次发现的化石。小哺乳动物群以南方早更新世常见的偏皮氏毛耳飞鼠（Belomys parapearsoni）、中间猪尾鼠（Typhlomys intermedius）、拟低冠竹鼠（Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides）、硕豪猪（Hystrix magna）、先社鼠（Niviventer preconfucianus）、拟爱氏巨鼠（Leopoldamysedwardioidesi）等为代表,根据小哺乳动物群性质和与其他动物群对比以及磁性地层年代测定,表明其时代应是早更新世中期（约距今120160万年前）。该动物群由树鼩、扁颅蝠、小彩蝠、飞松鼠、笔尾树鼠、猪尾鼠等几乎是旧大陆热带-亚热带森林型动物组成,缺少北方类型,基本上属于热带森林动物群,这表明了当时的自然景观为温暖湿润的热带雨林环境。三合大洞小哺乳动物群是广西地区的首次发现,对华南早更新世巨猿动物群详细划分,探讨步氏巨猿演化和早期人类环境背景等目前科学界关注的问题具有重要的意义。     

VALIDATION OF NEAR-SURFACE WINDS OBTAINED BY A HYBRID WRF/CALMET MODELING SYSTEM OVER A COASTAL ISLAND WITH COMPLEX TERRAIN

The results from a hybrid approach that combines a mesoscale meteorological model with a diagnostic model to produce high-resolution wind fields in complex coastal topography are evaluated.The diagnostic wind model(California Meteorological Model,CALMET) with 100-m horizontal spacing was driven with outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model to obtain near-surface winds for the 1-year period from 12 September 2003 to 11 September 2004.Results were compared with wind observations at four sites.Traditional statistical scores,including correlation coefficients,standard deviations(SDs) and mean absolute errors(MAEs),indicate that the wind estimates from the WRF/CALMET modeling system are produced reasonably well.The correlation coefficients are relatively large,ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 for the zonal wind component and from 0.75 to 0.85 for the meridional wind component.MAEs for wind speed range from 1.5 to 2.0 m s-1 at 10 meters above ground level(AGL) and from 2.0 to 2.5 m s-1 at 60 m AGL.MAEs for wind direction range from 30 to 40 degrees at both levels.A spectral decomposition of the time series of wind speed shows positive impacts of CALMET in improving the mesoscale winds.Moreover,combining the CALMET model with WRF significantly improves the spatial variability of the simulated wind fields.It can be concluded that the WRF/CALMET modeling system is capable of providing a detailed near-surface wind field,but the physics in the diagnostic CALMET model needs to be further improved.