测量海水中悬浮体运动的传感器

在近岸海水中,由于陆地河流的输送、大气中尘埃的降落、风浪作用和生物的生命活动等原因而使水中的悬浮颗粒和气泡多于远海海水。当这些颗粒很小时,它们可以在水中长时间悬浮并随着海水一起运动,从而成为声波在水中传播时的良好散射体。清净海中,仍有微小气泡和密度运动速度等的不均匀,也会使声波散射。因而,应用声学多普勒原理的传感器可以直接测得散射体或海水的运动速度。传感器的外形不会影响原有流场特性。泥沙和生物在传     

一种基于无线传输的海岸气象监测的实现方案

基于无线通信技术,为近岸的海洋气象数据实时传输提供了一套经济、安全、有效的方案。利用无线传输模块XStream—PKG模块搭建无线的RS-232数据链路,采用VisualBasic6．0作为工具所开发的监控软件,成功地实现了数据的有效传输。     

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.     

区域性海洋要素持续测量平台新技术概述

21世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋要素现场观测对海洋学研究、海洋工程建设和海上国防安全等诸多方面具有深远的意义.比如近年来气候的剧烈变化,就是由大气和海洋共同作用的结果,且受海洋的影响较大[1],因为海洋表层储存的热量比大气多1 000多倍.     

实验水槽常规流速模拟的缩尺方法

提出了一种实验室水槽中流速模拟的方法,该方法可根据需要提供合适的模型缩尺比,用来完成相关海洋工程的模型水动力性能实验,可以近似地模拟出实际设备在水中的工作状态,为在实验水槽中模拟水流动力参数提供有效的参考,方便水槽中的科学实验的开展。     

有效吸收和传递波浪能的锚泊系统的设计制作

将传统定位浮标加以改进,可以形成一种能有效吸收和传递波浪能的锚泊系统。此系统的最上端是漂浮着的海面浮标,海面浮标下端连着锚泊钢缆,锚泊钢缆下端到海底之间又依次连有张紧锤、储链和重物锚块。锚泊系统中的海面浮标随波浪同步上下起伏,从而带动与其连在一起的由张紧锤绷直的锚泊钢缆上下振动,于是海面浮标吸收波浪能并由引导缆向下传递。20 m长的储链可以保证整个装置在涨潮、退潮的极限水深情况下,仍旧可以有效地传递海表面波浪能;合适的重物锚块可以起到为整个系统定位的功能。最后给出了一个实际应用波浪能的例子。设计制作的锚泊系统可以有效吸收和传递波浪能,为波浪能的利用提供了一种行之有效的方法。     

一种适用于石油平台的有缆潜标系统的设计与布放方法

针对石油平台上的海洋环境动力检测,设计一套有缆潜标系统,并进行现场布放.该设计采用从海底到石油平台垂直布放一根受力钢缆,测量设备和通讯电缆依附于受力钢缆上.布放时采用船舶布放有缆潜标水下部分,平台布放有缆潜标水面以上部分,两部分在水面附近进行连接,调整受力.该设计可以大大降低布放成本,避免有缆潜标系统缠绕平台桩腿等问题,有一定的工程施工参考价值,可以应用于石油平台的有缆潜标布放设计.     

基于单片机的海洋环境监测系统的控制电路设计

设计并实现了一种基于C8051F340单片机的节能型自治式多功能海洋环境监测系统的控制电路.该电路利用模块化设计方法,通过合理选用器件和设计器件的工作模式,使控制电路具有低功耗、高可靠的特点.实验表明,该控制电路实现了潜标式主浮体对浮标式搭载平台的实时控制,同时实现了浮标搭载平台单向下潜、定点测量、自由上浮、自动避碰等状态的控制,方法简单新颖,实现了对海洋要素的长期连续观测.     

Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China

Modeling sediment transport depends on several parameters, such as suspended sediment concentration (SSC), shear stress, and settling velocity. To assess the ability of Pulse-Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiling (PC-ADP) to non-intrusively quantify spatial and temporal SSC and settling velocity at seabed, a field experiment was conducted in the Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf), in the South China Sea. The spatial profiles and temporal variations in SSC at 1 m above bottom were derived from PC-ADP acoustic backscatter intensity determinations after being calibrated with the optical backscatter sensor (OBS) measurements at the same elevation. The PC-ADP and OBS results agreed well. The temporal settling velocity obtained from Rouse profiles agreed well with the Soulsby formula based on size information by LISST (laser in situ scattering and transmissometry). Tides and tidal currents are diurnal in the gulf. SSC increased with increasing ebb and flood flow, and it rapidly decreased with the increase of distance from the seabed. The maximum SSC at 0.16 m and 1.3 m above bottom reached 816 mg/L and 490 mg/L during spring tides, respectively. The sediments consisted of mineral particles 23-162 μm in diameter and 0.05-2.04 cm/s in settling velocity. Generally, both the SSC and settling velocity followed variations in the bottom friction. Results suggest that PC-ADP is able to provide reasonable SSC and settling velocity measurements of both profiles and time series for a long study period.     

ADCP对悬浮沉积物浓度的测量及其误差分析研究

为实时、连续地测量海水中悬浮沉积物,利用声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP),可以在测流的同时,测量海洋悬浮沉积物浓度。描述了利用后散射强度,估计悬浮沉积物浓度的原理。在现场测试中,利用采水器采集水样,通过水样分析并结合声信号的衰减特征对AI)CP的测量结果进行修正。作者还结合现场测试结果,对这一测量方法的精度进行了分析。现场实验表明,经公式校正后,ADCP测得的后散射强度与实测水样所获得的悬浮沉积物浓度之间有很好的相关性,相关系数达0．88,由此证明,此测量方法具有很好的实用价值和应用前景。