海洋的潮汐问答

一、什么叫潮汐? 浩瀚的大海和宇宙一切事物一样,永无息止地运动着。它的运动形势是多种多样的。其中有这样一种形式,就是:在一定的时间里,海面会慢慢地升起来,使岸边大片的海滩和礁石被水淹没,而在达到一定高度的时候,海面又开始下落,逐步把淹没的地方裸露出来,而后,又开始上升,并接连不断地重复着这种起落。它是那样的有规律,好像在呼吸一样。人们把这种现象叫做潮汐,同时又把海面上升的过程称为涨潮,下降的过程称为落潮;海面上升的最高点和下降的最低点分别称为高潮和低潮。     

一类非线性二阶常微分方程解的多重性

考虑一类二阶非线性常微分方程的边值问题（p（t）u′）′＋h（t）f（u）=0，0＜t＜1和u（0）=u（1）=0。通过引入f（s）／s在∞与0处的极限值，并运用打靶法和相应的Sturm比较定理得到解的多重性定理，推广有关文献中的许多重要结果。     

无锡财富广场住宅楼两种桩型的技术经济评价

针对无锡财富广场的具体施工条件，通过对钻孔灌注桩、静压预应力高强度混凝土管桩两种桩型的施工技术条件及经济因素分析，得出了该工程应优先选用静压预应力高强度混凝土管桩的结论，并指出在静压管桩施工中需要做好挤土效应的预防工作。     

食物系统认知进展及其地理学研究范式探讨

食物关系国计民生,中国食物系统面临诸多挑战,耕地资源趋减、环境压力临界、农业劳动力流失、消费需求快速转型等对食物系统功能提出更高要求,地理学的综合性和系统性思维为应对这些问题提供了有效的工具和视角。尽管食物系统得到世界银行、联合国粮农组织以及其他国际各方的高度关注,但目前国内对食物系统的研究却严重不足。论文对食物系统的认知进展进行了深入分析,归纳了食物系统的概念认知历程、类型、特征,梳理出食物系统的研究脉络,包括从“概念”存在到“方法”存在、从线性认知到系统认知、从经济活动到食物景观、从现象描述到时空嵌入等,以此凝练出食物系统的核心内涵与认知进展;在科学哲学范式、人地关系范式、空间范式和系统科学范式指导下,论文遵从“格局—结构—过程—机理”由表及里的研究脉络,进一步探讨了食物系统的时空格局、要素结构、演化过程和发展机理,尝试构建了食物系统的地理学研究范式,研究结论旨在为推动食物系统视角基础研究和实践应用提供参考和借鉴。     

全球粮食安全格局的时空演化

Food security is the primary prerequisite for achieving other Millennium Development Goals(MDGs).Given that the MDG of“halving the proportion of hungers by 2015”was not realized as scheduled,it will be more pressing and challenging to reach the goal of zero hunger by 2030.So there is high urgency to find the pattern and mechanism of global food security from the perspective of spatio-temporal evolution.In this paper,based on the analysis of database by using a multi-index evaluation method and radar map area model,the global food security level for 172 countries from 2000 to 2014 were assessed;and then spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to depict the spatial patterns and changing characteristics of global food security;then,multi-nonlinear regression methods were employed to identify the factors affecting the food security patterns.The results show:1)The global food security pattern can be summarized as“high-high aggregation,low-low aggregation”.The most secure countries are mainly distributed in Western Europe,North America,Oceania and parts of East Asia.The least secure countries are mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa,South Asia and West Asia,and parts of Southeast Asia.2)Europe and sub-Saharan Africa are hot and cold spots of the global food security pattern respectively,while in non-aggregation areas,Haiti,North Korea,Tajikistan and Afghanistan have long-historical food insecurity problems.3)The pattern of global food security is generally stable,but the internal fluctuations in the extremely insecure groups were significant.The countries with the highest food insecurity are also the countries with the most fluctuated levels of food security.4)The annual average temperature,per capita GDP,proportion of people accessible to clean water,political stability and non-violence levels are the main factors influencing the global food security pattern.Research shows that the status of global food security has improved since the year 2000,yet there are still many challenges such as unstable global food security and acute regional food security issues.It will be difficult to understand these differences from a single factor,especially the annual average temperature and annual precipitation.The abnormal performance of the above factors indicates that appropriate natural conditions alone do not absolutely guarantee food security,while the levels of agricultural development,the purchasing power of residents,regional accessibility,as well as political and economic stability have more direct influence.     

时间周期哈密顿-雅克比方程的比较定理

在有界区域上研究时间周期哈密顿-雅克比方程的黏性解,将Hitoshi Ishii和Hiroyoshi Mitake关于自治哈密顿-雅克比方程的比较定理推广到适用于时间周期的哈密顿-雅克比方程的比较定理。     

1991年江淮梅雨期欧洲中期天气预报中心降水预报的检验

1 前言1991年5—7月江淮地区出现了异常的梅雨天气,梅雨开始得早,持续时间长,强度大,从降水预报的观点看十分困难,对于降水数值预报难度尤其大。目前国内外的降水预报虽然有一定能力和技巧,但要较准确地预报这次特大暴雨还是有很大困难的。欧洲中期天气预报中心制作的预报,目前放认为     

一个复杂地形扩散模式及其应用

简单搬用现有的山区扩散模式及参数,污染物地面浓度估算误差常达几倍,有时甚至达几十倍。本文采纳VALLEY模式的横向扩散假设,但改变其地形修正方案,构成一个新的山区扩散模式并应用于山区城市渡口市。利用该市的烟源资料,以及由现场试验确定的气象参数和扩散参数进行模式计算,并用二氧化硫的浓度监测资料进行检验。结果表明模式效能明显改善,但在背风坡尾流区及其它气流紊乱区域内的计算效果不好。     

用HDK—1型钻参仪找最优钻进参数的探讨

一、问题的提出现在各类型钻探技术参数测示仪正在试制与推广，它不仅可以预防事故，更重要的是能起到对钻进参数的监示和测试作用。目前以黑龙江地质研究所研制、哈尔滨无线电七厂生产的HDK—1A型钻参仪所取得的参数最多，计有“泵量、泵压、钻压、扭矩、转数、钻速”六项。钻进时，合理利用钻参仪来选择、测试钻进参数，达到最大钻速，为初步实现科学指导钻进迈出了可行的一步。     

A CASE OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEX EVOLVING INTO A VORTEX

A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC)which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As theMCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB)of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex wasvisualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak.