THE POSITION AND ROLES OF PORTS AND RAILWAYS IN THE EURASIA LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA

This paper systematically analyzes and proves the favorable factors of utilizing the ports and the railways in Northeast China for the Asia-Europe land bridge transportation. It will be more beneficial to Dalian Port and HaDa (Harbin-Dalian) and Binzhou (Harbin-Manzhouli) railways in Northeast China to the Siberia railway in Russia than 1) to other ports and the corresponding railways in China, 2) to the Nakhodka Port in Russia and the corresponding railways and 3) to the Chongjin Port in North Korea and the corresponding railways. This paper also puts forward the reform measures to adopt the ports and the railways in the northeast region in China for the land bridge transportation and the problems in transportation policies and management systems.     

汶川大地震（MS 8.0）同震变形作用及其与地质灾害的关系

2008年5月12日发生于四川盆地西部龙门山断裂带的汶川大地震（MS 8.0）波及半个亚洲,震撼整个中国。本文通过地震后的实地调查,对发育在龙门山断裂带上的同震地表破裂带的分布、产状、继承性复活与变形特征,以及同震变形与地震地质灾害的关系等进行了初步总结,分析表明这次汶川大地震(MS 8.0)沿北川-映秀逆冲断裂和安县-灌县逆冲断裂同时发生地表破裂,前者产生以高角度逆冲兼右旋走滑为特征的地表破裂带长约275 km,后者产生以缓倾角逆冲作用为特征的地表破裂带长约80 km。汶川大地震的同震地表破裂带分布具有分段性特征,并与地表破坏程度的分带性有着一定的内在联系,详细研究表明,同震地表破裂带的产状直接影响地表破坏程度和地震地质灾害的强度,汶川大地震（MS 8.0）沿呈高角度陡倾的北川-映秀逆冲断裂发育的同震地表变形所产生的地表破坏程度和地震地质灾害的强度比沿缓倾角的安县-灌县逆冲断裂要强。从各种类型的地震断裂来看,具有垂直运动的逆冲型地震断裂所造成的地表破坏程度和地质灾害强度比具水平运动的走滑型地震断裂要强。因此,汶川大地震发生的破裂过程和同震地表变形与地震地质灾害的关系值得深入研究。     

青藏高原季节性冻土的时空分布特征

利用青藏高原72个气象台站的冬季逐日冻结深度资料, 采用动力学Q指数和小波分析方法, 研究了青藏高原季节性冻土的时空变化特征. 结果发现: 青藏高原季节性冻土各站点相互间的动力学Q指数在高原大部分地区都比较小, 仅在高原南部部分站点值较大, 表明在高原上总体来说季节性冻土的动力学结构是一致的. 各站季节性冻土1980年代前后的Q指数在高原主体也都比较小, 只是在高原东南部和柴达木盆地的部分地区Q指数较大, 表明在高原大部分地区季节性冻土变化的动力学结构特征没有发生突变. 青藏高原季节性冻土总体上呈现下降趋势, 在20世纪80年代中期有一次均值突变, 突变以前的冬季平均冻结深度在93 cm左右, 突变以后的冬季平均冻结深度下降了10 cm左右. 高原季节性冻土冬季平均深度有准4 a的周期变化.     

浙江省长兴县煤山剖面二叠—三叠系过渡地层中的黑碳记录及其地质意义

首次报道了浙江煤山二叠-三叠系界线地层中黑碳的含量及其碳同住素的变化特征。黑碳含量在26层存在一个明显的峰值,含量高达0．51％。黑碳与总有机碳比值从25层底部开始持续升高,在26层达到最高,稳定在0．40以上。黑碳的碳同位素在24层和25层之间有一个陡然的降低,降低幅度达2‰,在25和26层中则存在一个幅度达3‰的缓慢降低,总降低幅度达5‰。黑碳是动植物和化石燃料燃烧的天然记录,浙江煤山二叠-三叠系界线附近黑碳特征反映了二叠纪末期陆地生态系统发生了突然的衰退,发生了强烈的天然大火。根据事件层大火燃烧的长期性或频繁的特征,以及黑碳同位素大幅度陡然降低和缓慢降低,认为燃烧源除了陆地植被外,还有其他富含轻碳的化石燃料,即大火的燃烧源除了植被外,还可能有煤和甲烷水合物等。浙江煤山剖面的黑碳记录,反映了二叠-三叠纪之交地球陆地环境的剧烈变化,有助于理解和揭示生物大灭绝的过程和原因。     

基于EOF分析对南海西北海域水体光谱特性的研究

This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.R_(rs)was initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole R_(rs) were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95% of the variances of R_(rs) are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of R_(rs)(A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1) significantly contributed to the total variances of each R_(rs) class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class AR_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(a_g(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D R_(rs)-EOF_1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape.     

莱州湾海蜇资源的初步探讨

海蜇（RhopilemaesculentaKislinouye）是巨型食用水母，经济价值很高，在渤海的渔业地位仅次于对虾（Penaeusorientalis）已成为该海湾沿海渔民的主要经济来源之一。我国年出口量高达2-3×104t，居世界之首。近年来海蜇资源波动很大，渔情难以预报，不仅严重影响了渔民的经济收入，而且对市场的冲击也很大。辽东湾和黄海北部大洋河口附近浅海的海蜇资源消长原因已有了不少报道并能做到渔情预报“～‘’。探讨莱州湾海蜇资源将有助于海上山东建设和莱州湾的开发。一、海蜇的习性海蜇是浮游性腔肠动物，营世代交替生殖，水母型通过有性生殖…     

珠江口岸式波力试验电站

中国第一座波力试验电站——珠江口岸式波力电站于1990年2月15日试发电成功。该电站位于珠江口大万山岛的南岸,面向浩瀚南海。设计波况H1/10=1.5m,T=6.5s.计划装机容量为8kW,第一台为3kW无刷爪极式发电机组,输出110V直流电,第二台为5kW无刷单相交流同步发电机组,输出220V交流电。目前投入试发电的是3kW机组。本文将介绍该电站气室性能模型试验,空气透平与气室性能匹配设计,岩坎爆破施工,实海条件下电站气室性能试验和发电试验结果。     

现场海水中有机污染物光学测量方法研究

介绍了一种用光学方法对海水中的有机污染物（主要包括：叶绿素-a、黄色物质、石油）进行测量的光学系统，该系统可同时测量海水中多种有机污染物的种类和浓度。     

基于DOA和TOA的机载单站无源定位

研究可对地面固定目标进行定位跟踪的机载单站无源定位方法,建立二维等效定位模型,利用DOA和TOA信息建立状态方程及测量方程,经过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行定位及跟踪。通过计算机仿真结果验证,该方法稳定、有效,且可达到相当的精度。