On the Problem of Differential Payment for the Use of Different-Quality Surface Waters in Ukraine

The evolution of views and practical decisions regarding the problem of collecting payment for the use of surface waters with regard to their quality in the former USSR and present-day Ukraine is discussed. A simple and feasible method is proposed for differentitation of regional (basin) rates of payment for the use of surface water in Ukraine with allowance made for its quality assessed based on a system of environmental classifications.     

Environmental Risk and Environmental Damage to Surface Water Quality: Topicality,Terminology, Quantitative Estimates

The concepts of environmental risk and environmental hazard to surface water quality are discussed. The interpretation of these concepts in different countries is analyzed and a list of more exact terms and definitions regarding these concepts is proposed. A method for estimating the environmental risk and environmental damage to surface water quality is developed. Possible applications of the estimated environmental risk and environmental hazard for surface water quality management are discussed.