Gravitational Sedimentation Behavior of Sensitive Marine Ariake Clays

It has been well documented that natural marine Ariake clays are sensitive clays. In this study, extensive data of marine Ariake clays are obtained to investigate the gravitational compression behavior for sensitive clays. Analysis results indicate that the compression behavior of remolded Ariake clays is not different from that of other remolded/reconstituted soils. But natural Ariake clays do not follow the gravitational compression pattern reported by Skempton (1970) for natural sedimentary soils. At a given value of effective overburden pressure, the void ratios of natural Ariake clays are almost independent of liquid limits. Most natural Ariake clays lie above the sedimentation compression line proposed by Burland (1990). When the liquid limit is larger than 90% and the ratio of natural water content over liquid limit ranges 0.8-1.1, the natural Ariake clays lie around the sedimentation compression line. In addition, the natural Ariake clay with higher value of the ratio of natural water content over liquid limit lies above the natural Ariake clay with lower value of the ratio of natural water content over liquid limit. Salt removal is the most probable cause for such a phenomenon.     

Strength Sensitivity of Marine Ariake Clays

Natural Ariake clays are characterized by high sensitivity. In this study, the mechanism and the factors controlling undrained shear strengths of both undisturbed and remolded Ariake clays are discussed. A series of unconfined compressive tests were performed on undisturbed samples of natural Ariake clays. The remolded undrained shear strength is predicted using a quantitative expression derived from extensive data of remolded undrained shear strength for a number of soils compiled from resources in the literature. The sensitivity of natural Ariake clays derived from the ratio of half of unconfined compressive strength for undisturbed samples to remolded undrained shear strength is found to be affected by both natural water content and normalized water content that is defined as the ratio of natural water content to liquid limit. The smaller the natural water content, the higher the sensitivity is at the same normalized water content. At the same natural water content, the larger the normalized water content, the higher the sensitivity is.     

Antagonism between coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus and other bacteria in the gastric cavity of scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis

Scleractinian corals host numerous microbial symbionts with different types of interactions. The gastric cavity of scleractinian coral, as a semiclosed subenvironment with distinct chemical characteristics(e.g., dissolved O2, pH, alkalinity, and nutrients), harbors a distinct microbial community and a diverse array of bacteria that can be pathogenic or beneficial. Galaxea fascicularis is one of the dominant massive scleractinian coral species on inshore fringing reefs in the northern South China Sea.Although the abundance of coral-associated bacteria has been investigated in G. fascicularis, less is known about the microorganisms in the gastric cavity. In this study, we specially isolated cultivable bacterial strains from the gastric cavity of G.fascicularis collected from Hainan Island using a noninvasive sampling approach. Among the 101 representative bacterial strains, one Vibrio coralliilyticus strain, SCSIO 43001, was found to be a temperature-dependent opportunistic pathogen of G.fascicularis. The antagonistic activity between the 100 strains and V. coralliilyticus SCSIO 43001 was tested using a modified Burkholder diffusion assay. Our results showed that V. coralliilyticus SCSIO 43001 inhibits the growth of Erythrobacter flavus and Sphingomonas yabuuchiae. Additionally, we found that three Pseudoalteromonas strains showed moderate to high antibacterial activity against V. coralliilyticus SCSIO 43001 and several other coral-associated Gram-negative bacterial strains.These results suggest that competition between the coral pathogen and other bacteria also occurs in the gastric cavity of coral, and Pseudoalteromonas strains in the gastric cavity of G. fascicularis may provide a protective role in the defense against coinhabiting coral pathogens at elevated temperature.     

厦门市海洋休闲渔业发展设想

为优化厦门市海洋休闲渔业的发展路线,文章通过对多年的渔业经济统计数据和本区域资源状况、发展现状和需求的综合分析,提出在厦门市建立多层次和多类型现代化海洋休闲渔业基地的发展设想。研究结果表明：近年来我国休闲渔业呈现占比上升和增速加快的发展优势,但也表现出发展不稳定和体量小等不足;福建省休闲渔业发展增速缓慢且体量较小,明显落后于全国平均水平;厦门市海洋休闲渔业已具雏形,但开发层次较低和规模较小,亟须充分挖掘资源、地理和文化优势,以重点项目设计为抓手,发展具有典型示范效应的产品,培育多样化、复合化和本土化的新型海洋休闲渔业产业。     

福建省无居民海岛开发利用的契机、挑战和对策

文章概述福建省无居民海岛开发利用、保护和管理现状,从相关法律法规和规划办法逐步完善的角度分析无居民海岛开发利用的契机,同时指出面临的海岛开发利用投资成本高和回报周期长、开发利用同质化和低质化、海岛生态环境资源遭到破坏、历史遗留问题仍未解决以及不同类型海岛未能区别管理等挑战,在此基础上提出探索海岛开发利用新模式、加快区域用岛规划编制、理顺海岛保护管理体制机制和海岛分等级管理审批的对策建议。     

Strength Sensitivity of Marine Ariake Clays

ABSTRACT

Natural Ariake clays are characterized by high sensitivity. In this study, the mechanism and the factors controlling undrained shear strengths of both undisturbed and remolded Ariake clays are discussed. A series of unconfined compressive tests were performed on undisturbed samples of natural Ariake clays. The remolded undrained shear strength is predicted using a quantitative expression derived from extensive data of remolded undrained shear strength for a number of soils compiled from resources in the literature. The sensitivity of natural Ariake clays derived from the ratio of half of unconfined compressive strength for undisturbed samples to remolded undrained shear strength is found to be affected by both natural water content and normalized water content that is defined as the ratio of natural water content to liquid limit. The smaller the natural water content, the higher the sensitivity is at the same normalized water content. At the same natural water content, the larger the normalized water content, the higher the sensitivity is.     

高速公路工程中水泥搅拌桩桩身合理设计强度研究

在公路工程的搅拌桩地基设计中,一般假设加固区桩土变形协调,从而采用复合地基理论进行设计。但是目前许多的工程实践表明在路堤荷载作用下,搅拌桩地基桩土之间存在差异沉降,桩身强度不能够完全发挥,为此需要对复合模量的表达式进行改进。本文采用有限元分析了路堤荷载作用下搅拌桩地基的变形响应情况,分析了加固区桩间土变形与桩身模量之间关系,得到了水泥土搅拌桩强度的合理范围。     

土层工程性质与其沉积环境关系分析研究

对江苏北部沿海地区与长江三角洲地区土层的工程性质进行分析对比 ,发现这两地区的土层在同一个历史时期所沉积但土层工程性质完全不一样。因此分析了该两地区在同一历史时期的沉积环境与当时的水动力条件与沉积物源的来源。由分析研究结果得到 ,土层的物理力学性质与该土层当时的沉积环境、水动力条件与沉积物源有重要的关系。因此对土层如果能了解其在沉积过程当中的沉积条件 ,更有利于分析研究该土层的物理力学性质     

连云港浅层海相软土沉积环境及物理力学性质研究

海相沉积软土在连云港有3层分布,他们在各自不同年代沉积,而浅层的软土对高速公路工程中路堤的变形和稳定 性有很大影响,该土层在工程中备受关注。本文对连云港浅层软土的沉积环境,物理力学性质和结构性进行探讨和分析。收 集的资料表明连云港浅层的软土是在全新世黄骅海进到19世纪60年代期间沉积形成的,其沉积历时漫长。统计表明该浅层 软土含水量高、原位十字板剪切强度和有效上覆应力的比值约为0.2～0.4。最后根据Burland的理论分析了该层软土的结构 性,结果表明连云港表层的海相软土为高位结构软土,土样易受到扰动,导致室内强度的失真。     

Application of Dynamic Compaction in Highway: A Case Study

The application case of dynamic compaction (DC) is realized in highway. In this paper, the in situ tests for evaluating effectiveness of DC are performed on a liquefiable soil and soft soil interbedding foundation encountered in highway engineering practice. Excess pore pressure, total surface settlement and lateral deformation under DC impact are measured and analysed. The cone penetration test (CPT) and spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) are used for investigating the compaction effectiveness. The formulation of the predicting improvement depth of the DC is presented according to the pseudo-static mechanics method and is of obvious meaning of soil mechanics compared with Mendard’s formulation. The calculating results of the formulation of improvement depth of the DC are agreement with the measuring results. The investigation results indicate that the DC technique is an effective way for improving liquefiable soil and soft soil interbedding foundation in highway engineering practice.