Geochemistry of trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes of foraminifera shell from the Okinawa Trough

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晋陕峡谷北段晚新生代河流演化初步研究

晋陕峡谷黄河形成的时代是地学界十分关注的科学问题,长期存在比较大的意见分歧,至今没有得到比较好的解决。山西保德地区发育一套晚中新世-早上新世的河湖相沉积,年代为>8.3～3.7Ma, 地貌与地层分析表明,它们是唐县期夷平面的相关沉积。河湖相地层所含砾石层的组构和岩性统计揭示,当时汇入古湖的河流是发源于周围抬升区的短小河流,形成一个局地规模的湖泊水系。晋陕峡谷北段唐县期夷平面之上分布两期红粘土覆盖的河流砾石层,形成年代分别在4.9Ma前和3.7Ma前; 砾石组构和岩性统计揭示,它们所指示的河流流向向北,与黄河流向相反,是一个不同于现代黄河的古河流,它将保德古湖水系与河套盆地联系起来。3.7Ma前,强烈的地面上升导致河湖相沉积结束和唐县期夷平面抬升,风成红粘土堆积其上,地形起伏增大,河流溯源侵蚀加剧,水系进入重新组织阶段; 1.2Ma前,黄土高原南部的河流将原北流水系袭夺,黄河形成; 最近1.2Ma的强烈地面上升,导致黄河不断下切并发育多级阶地,逐渐形成现代壮观的深切峡谷地貌。     

Identifying the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area based on a spatial field energy model

The cultivation and development of modern metropolitan areas with the aim of establishing new regional centers with competitive edge is a key objective for the new-type urbanization directions in China. The construction of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area is of great significance for the promotion of the South Asia Channel, the ‘Belt and Road' initiative, the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the Himalaya Economic Cooperation Zone, and for rapid development and long-term stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper examines the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area including Chengguanqu(Chengguan District), Doilungdeqen, Dagze, Lhunzhub, Damxung, Nyemo, Quxu, Maizhokunggar, Samzhubze Qu(Samzhubze District), Gyangze, Rinbung, Bainang, Nedong, Gonggar, and Zhanang using a spatial field energy model that combines nodality and accessibility indices and considers multiple indicators including traffic flow between cities. By combining factors such as the natural background, population agglomeration, the social economy, infrastructure construction, and the urban spatial structure of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area, it is proposed to build a bow-and-arrow-shaped urban system with ‘one core, two centers, one axis, and two wings' along the valleys and the transportation trunk lines of the area. The study advocates the construction of a pure land industrial system comprising a green cultural and tourism-oriented plateau.     

辽东海岸带黄土

本文论述了辽东海岸带黄土的成因,它主要由低空气流搬运的近源物质组成,其次为高空气流携带的内陆远源物质,主要物源地是辽东湾。冰期时,海平面下降,辽东湾干口渤海裸露成陆而发生沙漠化,海底沉积物经强劲的西北风作用,被搬运到东侧海岸带沉降下来,与大气环流系统自内陆携带而至的风尘物质混合在一起,形成海岸带黄土。     

Evaluating the role of climate and tectonics during non-steady incision of the Yellow River: evidence from a 1.24 Ma terrace record near Lanzhou,China

The competing roles of bedrock uplift and climatic change in the formation of fluvial terraces remain uncertain. Most of recent studies have attributed terrace formation to climatic changes and held that, even in tectonically active settings, climate variations control cycles of terrace planation and abandonment. Based on field investigations of loess-paleosol sequences, magnetostratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, we develop a new chronology for a spectacular flight of terraces along the Yellow River near Lanzhou, China over past 1.24 Ma. All the terraces are strikingly similar in that they have several meters of paleosol developed directly above fluvial deposits on the terrace treads, suggesting that the abandonment of each terrace due to river incision occurs during the transition from glacial to interglacial climates. However, the ages of terraces cluster in two relatively short time periods (1.24–0.86 Ma and 0.13 Ma – present). During the intervening time between 0.86 Ma and 0.13 Ma, terraces either did not form or were not preserved. We suggest that this record indicates that rock uplift rates varied through time and influenced terrace formation/preservation. Thus, our results demonstrate the utility of deep chronologic records from fluvial terraces for deconvolving the effects of tectonics and climate on fluvial incision.     

Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level

We evaluated the effect of ration level(RL) on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok(initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g) were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels: starvation,2%,3%,4% bwd(body weight per day,based on initial mean values),and apparent satiation. Feed consumption,apparent digestibility,and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight,dry weight,protein,and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight(SGRw,%/d) and RL(%) was characterized by a decelerating curve: SGRw=-1.417+3.166ln(RL+1). The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level,and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy(FERe) and RL was: FERe=-14.167+23.793RL–3.367(RL)2,and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 k J BW(kg)-0.80/d,the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was: 100IE=29.03FE+5.78(ZE+UE)+39.56 HE+25.63 RE,where IE is feed energy,FE is fecal energy,ZE+UE is excretory energy,HE is heat production,and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd,whereas for energy growth,the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.     

西藏气象指数通用计算系统

利用人机交互方式定义气象指数计算公式,设计了西藏地区常用气象指数计算系统。该系统在统一的操作界面上定义和读取输入气象数据,包括数值预报、实况数据、预报产品等数据及站号、经度、纬度和时间信息,将相应的数据以浮点数代入公式,并支持加、减、乘、除、乘方等数学运算符,三角对数、绝对值等数学函数,且、或、否等逻辑函数,≥、＞、≤、＜、=等判断运算符及自定义的分段函数,能够完成多项气象指数的计算,数据均以通用的MICPAS格式交互存储,在统一的平台上管理气象指数及产品制作,无需预报和服务人员编程即可实现新的气象指数。     

辽西凸起中生界火成岩潜山裂缝型储层随钻解释评价

辽西凸起南端X构造中生界为裂缝型火成岩潜山,裂缝发育极不均匀,同时,中生界油气藏地质响应特征与上部常规储层油气藏特征明显不同;钻井作业过程中出现的复杂工程因素对综合录井资料质量造成极大影响,这加大了录井综合解释以及储层有效性识别评价难度。通过对录井资料质量甄别筛选,优选出真实反映地层流体的指示参数,并结合录井工程参数建立了潜山储层录井评价标准,对储层流体进行准确解释评价。对比取样及测试结果发现,本构造的录井综合解释标准及解释方法极大提高了中生界火成岩储层流体解释评价的符合率;为围区火成岩储层流体解释评价及复杂井况下的录井油气层综合解释提供全新的解释思路,指导了X构造高产轻质油田的发现,实现了辽西凸起X构造油气勘探的突破,对渤海湾勘探具有重要指导意义。     

全新世气候波动与快速构造活动作用下的酒东盆地北大河河道迁移过程研究

位于青藏高原东北缘的祁连山与外围的金塔南山分别限定了酒东盆地的南北边界,构成了盆山耦合的宏观地貌体系。起源于祁连山的北大河北流进入酒东盆地后,沿近东西走向的金塔南山南麓发育了系列与山体平行的纵向河道,然后径直转向北流经鸳鸯峡谷出盆地,形成了贯通水系格局。野外地貌与沉积追踪考察发现,沿金塔南山南麓分布3条被遗弃的河道,它们东西向延伸,两端与北大河现代河床靠拢,为该河流的古河道。根据年代由老到新的原则,依次将它们命名为古河道1至3,并对其主槽沉积的上覆泥炭样品进行加速器¹⁴C测年。结果显示,古河道1至3分别在7471 cal.a B.P.、7434 cal.a B.P.和5706 cal.a B.P.被遗弃。基于此,论文初步重建了北大河沿金塔南山南麓的迁移过程,并进一步与区域冰芯气候记录和金塔南山北缘断裂的古地震数据对比,发现河道面向山体北移发生在气候变暖和构造相对平静期,而背向山体快速南移则主要对应于气候变冷和构造相对活跃期。因此,在活动构造区河道迁移可能是河流综合响应亚轨道时间尺度气候波动和流域快速构造活动的结果。结合区域活动构造的研究成果,论文进一步揭示北大河河道迁移可能反映了青藏高原中全新世以来向东北缘的扩展。