探索地理信息智能化处理技术

GIS自产生至今30多年来，世界各国都竞相开展GIS技术研究和应用开发，使其得到了迅速的发展，已形成较为完整的理论体系和大批实用系统，并已在社会各专业领域得到广泛应用并产生了巨大效益，目前，开始朝着产业化、集成化、智能化和社会化的方向发展。随着3S技术的集成应用，人们对GIS的运行效率及其深入的应用提出了更高的要求，地理信息智能化处理已成为地图学和GIS建设必须解决的问题，也是GIS发展的必然方向。在地理信息处理中采用人工智能技术，发展智能GIS或者专家GIS，是解决复杂地学问题的重要途径，也是目前GIS最吸引人的一个应用方向。目前在地理信息处理的许多领域都在使用人工智能技术，比如地图模式识别、地理数据的自动分类、地学专家系统、智能GIS、空间数据挖掘等。本文通过对当前地理信息智能化处理技术发展现状的阐述，旨在探索人工智能在地理信息处理中的应用前景。     

On the applicability of KirchofPs law and the principle of heat balance in thermal infrared remote sensing:A non-isothermal system

This paper proposes a basic equation of thermal radiation interaction between surface objects on the basis of the principle of heat balance in the interface. The solution of this equation takes account of the contribution of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux more completely, compared with traditional solution for surface cooling and heating processes. By the aid of the experimental data conducted in the Xiaotangshan experimental site, Beijing, both the non-applicability of Kirchoff's law and the measurability of surface emissivity in a non-isothermal system have been highlighted. Two methods called ventilation and time-delay compensations have been proposed to reduce the error induced by change of surface temperatures of non-isothermal objects during the measurement of emissivity. Based on the solution of the basic equation, this paper has analyzed and pointed out the misunderstanding in comprehension and application of Kirchoff's law published in literature.     

江苏省“十一五”省级基础测绘规划实施方案研究

在分析了江苏基础测绘状况的基础上,介绍了"十一五"基础测绘的原则、目标和任务,提出了组织实施方案和保障措施.     

利用MODIS/EVI时间序列数据分析干旱对植被的影响

为了分析2006 年四川重庆地区夏季干旱对该地区植被生长的影响, 选取该地区多年中分 辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)增强植被指数( EVI) 时间序列数据进行研究, 利用时间序列谐波分析 (HANTS) 算法对EVI 数据进行去云处理, 并根据处理后的结果( 重构的EVI 数据以及HANTS 分 析得到相应频率对应的振幅和相位) , 分析干旱对该地区的影响, 同时结合地面气象数据加以补 充说明。将干旱年份和正常年份对比分析, 结果表明, 处理后的EVI 时间序列数据能较好地反映 干旱对地表植被的影响, 振幅和相位的空间分布特征能够很好地反映干旱的影响范围。     

Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in China: Evaluation,Convergence Characteristics and Spatial Effects

In this study, an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP) and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017. On this basis, spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model. The results indicate that: 1) The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference, with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region. 2) Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity, and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually. 3) In the convergence analysis, a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity, with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4) The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment, laborforce quality, and crop production ratio, while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region. However, agricultural research and development(RD) investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity. Meanwhile, improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas, while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions. This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.     

LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用

LIDAR集激光测距技术、计算机技术、IMU/DGPS技术于一体,是一种崭新的革命性的测量工具,在三维空间信息的实时获取方面产生了重大突破.LIDAR具有自动化程度高、受天气影响小、数据生产周期短、测量精度高等特点,有传统摄影测量和地面常规测量技术无法取代的优越性,为获取高时空分辨率地球空间信息提供了一种全新的技术手段.本文将分析LDAR的技术系统,并以江苏沿海滩涂为例研究LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用.     

The appraisal of seven economic zones in China

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当前我国文武人才的地理分布与南北差异

作为一种文化现象，人才的空间分布规律体现着人才与经济、历史及地理环境之间的关联性。本文选取１７０００多名教授和１６００多名将军作文武人才的地理分析。教授工作地集中的地区依次为北京、上海、四川、湖北、辽宁、江苏、陕西、广东、吉林、天津，籍贯集中的地区依次为江苏、浙江、四川、辽宁、广东、湖南、山东、河北、天津，主要流入地区为北京、上海、陕西、吉林、黑龙江、天津，主要流出地区为浙江、江苏、河北、河南、福建、广东、山东。将军籍贯分布集中程度比教授更为突出，主要集中在江西、湖北、湖南、安徽、河南、四川、山东、福建、河北、陕西。如以县计，则集中在江西的兴国、永新、吉安，湖北的红安、大梧，安徽的金寨、六安，河南的新县，前面三县属中央苏区，后面五县属鄂豫皖苏区。工作在南方和北方教授数基本平衡，但籍贯在南方的约为北方的两倍，籍贯在南方的将军数为北方的两倍多。这种格局反映了文化大革命前的人才流向。近十年，人才流向和人才格局发生变化，不仅国内毕业生，而且国外留学人员也被吸引到南方沿海开放地区，为此，需要新的办法和政策。     

数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法及产品研究进展

蒸散发是水圈、大气圈和生物圈中水分循环和能量交换的纽带。在全球尺度上,蒸散发约占陆地降水总量的60%;作为其能量表达形式,潜热通量约占地表净辐射的80%。随着通量观测技术的发展,全球长期持续的观测数据得以获取和共享,近年来基于数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法取得了较好的研究进展。本文针对数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法和产品,从经验回归、机器学习和数据融合3个方面展开,对现有的研究进展进行了梳理、归纳和总结,并从驱动数据、反演方法、已有产品等方面指出目前仍存在的问题和不足。未来仍需开展数据驱动的高时空分辨率的蒸散发遥感反演方法的研究,有效考虑地表温度和土壤水分等可以指示地表蒸散发短期变化的重要信息,同时加强基于过程驱动的物理模型与数据驱动的模型的结合,使两类模型能互为补充、各自发挥所长,共同推动蒸散发遥感反演研究水平的进步。     

Population growth in Bejing: trends and countermeasures

Beijing’ population has experienced a dramatic increase eversince the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Population growthin Beijing can be broadly broken down into three major components:natural increase, immigration, and the growth of floating population. Thecontinuous growth of Beijing’s population is closely linked with its centralized multi-function. The comprehensive countermeasures to control Beijing’s population growth are proposed, for example, decentralizing economicfunctions, including developing the suburbs, developing the metropolitan areaand creating counter-magnetic centers, reforming the administrative and economic systems.