The LA-ICP-MS zircons U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the Baihua basic igneous complexes in Tianshui area of West Qinling

Baihua meta-igneous complex consists mainly of pyroxenite-gabbro(diorite)-diorite-quartz diorite. They form a complete comagmatic evolutionary series. The geochemical characteristics of basic-intermediate basic igneous rocks indicate that they belong to a tholeiite suite. The REE distribution pattern is nearly flat type and LREE is slightly enriched type, and their primitive mantle-normalized and MORB-normalized trace element spider diagrams are generally similar; the LIL elements (LILE) Cs, Ba, Sr, Th and U are enriched, but Rb, K and the HFSEs Nb, P, Zr, Sm, Ti and Y are relatively depleted. All these show comagmatic evolution and origin characteristics. The tectonics environment discrimination of trace element reveals that these igneous complexes formed in an island-arc setting. The LA-ICP-MS single-zircons U-Pb age of Baihua basic igneous complex is 434.6±1.5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), which proves that the formation time of the island-arc type magmatite in the northern zone of West Qinling is Late Ordovician or Early Silurian, also reveals that the timing of subduction of paleo-ocean basin represented by the Guanzizhen ophiolite and resulting island-arc-type magmatic activities is probably Middle-Late Ordovician to Early Silurian.

     

甘肃敦煌小独山西钨矿床成矿流体特征及来源分析

甘肃敦煌小独山西石英脉型钨矿床位于北山成矿带柳园-俞井子裂谷带西段,经过详查和勘探工作,发现其资源量已达大型钨矿床规模。文章在野外详细观测和系统采样的基础上,对不同成矿阶段的样品使用岩相学、激光拉曼光谱、显微测温和碳、氢-氧同位素测试等方法,对矿脉中流体包裹体进行了综合研究。结果显示,该矿床矿脉中主要发育有气-液两相（Ⅰ型）和含液相CO₂三相（Ⅱ型） 2类包裹体。其中,Ⅰ阶段流体呈中高温、中盐度特征,主成矿（Ⅱ）阶段呈中高温、中低盐度特征,Ⅲ阶段呈低温,低盐度特征,均一温度与盐度呈现出正相关关系。包裹体的δD和δ¹⁸O值范围分别为-98.3‰~-76.4‰和0.8‰~5.4‰,呈岩浆水与大气降水相混合的特征;方解石中流体的δ¹³C值为-0.26‰~-0.73‰,δ¹⁸O值为-1.26‰~-3.73‰,显示C可能来源于海相碳酸盐岩,在后期演化过程中与大气降水发生了氧同位素交换作用。成矿早期与主成矿期均受到了大气降水的影响,该矿床发生了明显的流体混合作用是该地区成矿的主要因素。     

广东大宝山矿田船肚钼钨铜矿床的地质特征、成矿规律与找矿方向

广东大宝山矿田船肚矽卡岩型钨钼铜矿床受船肚花岗闪长岩体接触带的控制,按空间展布分为北矿带和南矿带。浅部钻探和坑道揭露显示:北矿带裂隙密集,由石英网脉型、构造破碎带型及少量矽卡岩型铜钼矿组成;南矿带为矽卡岩型钨钼矿。蚀变特征和矿化类型及成岩成矿年龄表明,该钼钨矿床是与燕山期花岗闪长岩浆活动有关的中高温热液充填交代矿床,成矿物质来源于花岗闪长岩。通过对有利的赋矿围岩分析、控矿构造解析和与大宝山矿区的控矿要素对比分析,认为船肚岩体是沿着寒武系(顶板)与泥盆系(底板)之间的推覆构造侵入的,靠近花岗闪长岩的内接触带是石英网脉型辉钼矿的有利找矿部位,而云英岩化则是有效的找矿标志。在深部和外围矽卡岩带是船肚矿区南、北矿带探寻矽卡岩型钼钨矿体最具潜力的部位。船肚北矿带次英安斑岩体内部、与斑岩体相连通的成矿前断裂带中和构造虚脱部位、块状和似层状矿体外围的断层、裂隙、节理连通部位及层间滑动虚脱部位都是下一步铜多金属矿找矿的有利部位。文章认为船肚矿区深部存在隐伏铜钼多金属矿体的潜力较大,是大宝山多金属矿田找矿突破的重点地段和重要接替资源区域。     

淘锡坑石英脉型钨矿床找矿新突破及“台阶式”勘查模型启示

淘锡坑钨矿床是目前赣南地区可采规模最大的石英脉型黑钨矿矿床,主要由宝山、棋洞、烂埂子和枫林坑矿段组成。近年通过深边勘查,在矿区南东侧东峰矿段又取得了重要找矿突破,新增优质黑钨矿资源量（WO₃）超1.4万吨。文章系统对比了淘锡坑各类矿体地质特征,重点对东峰矿段Ⅰ号脉带黑钨矿开展了矿物学研究,结合矿物微区原位微量元素分析,系统总结了石英脉内带型黑钨矿与外带型黑钨矿的地球化学差异。结果显示,内带型黑钨矿具有更低的Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta和LREE/HREE比值,反映其成矿热液演化程度更高,与其更低的成矿温度相对应。东峰矿段黑钨矿由浅至深具有从外带型向内带型过渡的特征,其深部仍具有重要找矿潜力。结合赣南地区石英脉型钨矿发育特征,在“五层楼”模型基础上,笔者提出了适用于石英脉型钨矿深边部找矿的“台阶式”勘查模型,并建立了相应的勘查技术方法及黑钨矿矿物化学标志,为矿床-矿田尺度的钨矿勘查提供了新的理论依据。     

High resolution aerosol optical thickness retrieval over the Pearl River Delta region with improved aerosol modelling

Aerosol retrieval algorithms for the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been developed to estimate aerosol and microphysical properties of the atmosphere, which help to address aerosol climatic issues at global scale. However, higher spatial resolution aerosol products for urban areas have not been well researched mainly due to the difficulty of differentiating aerosols from bright surfaces in urban areas. Here, a new aerosol retrieval algorithm using the MODIS 500 m resolution image...     

瑶岗仙花岗质岩浆演化与两类钨矿化成因关系研究：黑云母和石榴子石矿物化学证据

瑶岗仙钨矿是南岭地区唯一一个石英脉型黑钨矿和矽卡岩型白钨矿均达大型规模的超大型矿床。两类钨矿体均产出于瑶岗仙复式花岗岩体的内外接触带,复式花岗岩体主要由中粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒二云母花岗岩组成,但多阶段岩浆演化与两类钨矿化关系问题一直存在较大争议。文章以瑶岗仙矿区中粒黑云母二长花岗岩与细粒二云母二长花岗岩中的黑云母和石榴子石为切入点,对比研究两阶段花岗质岩浆氧逸度、挥发分、结晶分异程度,探讨了岩浆演化对钨矿化成因的制约。结果显示,细粒二云母二长花岗岩相较于中粒黑云母二长花岗岩中黑云母拥有更低的X_Mg值、更靠近Fe²⁺端员、更低的Ⅳ（F）和更高的log（fHF/fHCl）^fluid值,指示其形成于还原性岩浆环境,且F含量更高,而后者更偏向氧化性,F含量偏低。两类花岗岩中的石榴子石均为岩浆成因的锰铝榴石,从中粒黑云母花岗岩至细粒二云母花岗岩,随着石榴子石中MnO含量的递增,CaO、FeO、MgO含量逐渐降低,Mn/（Mn+Fe）比值、Sc、Zn、Y、HREE含量随MgO降低而逐渐升高,表明细粒二云母二长花岗岩较中粒黑云母二长花岗岩演化程度更高,更有利于W的富集。石英脉型黑钨矿和矽卡岩型白钨矿成矿岩浆均具有低氧逸度和高F含量的特征,与细粒二云母二长花岗岩成岩环境一致。基于上述研究,结合矿区地球物理、地球化学、钻探信息,笔者建立了瑶岗仙矿床深部勘查模型,圈定了大根垄深部石英脉型黑钨矿找矿靶区、杨梅岭深部云英岩型找矿靶区、和尚滩南东侧矽卡岩型白钨矿找矿靶区。     

The LA-ICP-MS zircons U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the Baihua basic igneous complexes in Tianshui area of West Qinling

Baihua meta-igneous complex consists mainly of pyroxenite-gabbro(diorite)-diorite-quartz diorite. They form a complete comagmatic evolutionary series. The geochemical characteristics of basic-interme- diate basic igneous rocks indicate that they belong to a tholeiite suite. The REE distribution pattern is nearly flat type and LREE is slightly enriched type, and their primitive mantle-normalized and MORB-normalized trace element spider diagrams are generally similar; the LIL elements (LILE) Cs, Ba, Sr, Th and U are enriched, but Rb, K and the HFSEs Nb, P, Zr, Sm, Ti and Y are relatively depleted. All these show comagmatic evolution and origin characteristics. The tectonics environment discrimination of trace element reveals that these igneous complexes formed in an island-arc setting. The LA-ICP-MS single-zircons U-Pb age of Baihua basic igneous complex is 434.6±1.5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), which proves that the formation time of the island-arc type magmatite in the northern zone of West Qinling is Late Ordovician or Early Silurian, also reveals that the timing of subduction of paleo-ocean basin represented by the Guanzizhen ophiolite and resulting island-arc-type magmatic activities is probably Middle-Late Ordovician to Early Silurian.     

Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China

Scientific issues relevant to interactions between aerosols and the Asian monsoon climate were discussed and evaluated at the 33rd “Forum of Science and Technology Frontiers” sponsored by the Department of Earth Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Major results are summarized in this paper. The East Asian monsoon directly affects aerosol transport and provides a favorable background circulation for the occurrence and development of persistent fog-haze weather. Spatial features of aerosol transport and distribution are also influenced by the East Asian monsoon on seasonal, inter-annual, and decadal scales. High moisture levels in monsoon regions also affect aerosol optical and radiative properties. Observation analyses indicate that cloud physical properties and precipitation are significantly affected by aerosols in China with aerosols likely suppressing local light and moderate rainfall, and intensifying heavy rainfall in southeast coastal regions. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this pattern still need further exploration. The decadal variation in the East Asian monsoon strongly affects aerosol concentrations and their spatial patterns. The weakening monsoon circulation in recent decades has likely helped to increase regional aerosol concentrations. The substantial increase in Chinese air pollutants has likely decreased the temperature difference between land and sea, which favors intensification of the weakening monsoon circulation. Constructive suggestions regarding future studies on aerosols and monsoons were proposed in this forum and key uncertain issues were also discussed.