Observational evidence of the upwelling off cape shioyazaki in Fukushima Prefecture,Japan

Using serial observations, evidence of the existence of upwelling in the region between the northeast flowing Kuroshio and the coast of Ibaraki and Fukushima Prefectures is presented. The complex and variable oceanic condition in this region sometimes conceals some of the evidence of upwelling. Evidence of upwelling can be seen in the distributions of temperature and salinity, and more clearly in those of dissolved oxygen and phosphate. The average position of the upwelling region is just off Cape Shioyazaki in Fukushima Prefecture. Such an upwelling phenomenon may be a general oceanic feature characteristic of the region at the poleward edge of western boundary currents.     

Tephra Discovered in High Resolution Peat Sediment and Its Indication to Climatic Event

Floating tephra was deposited together with ice core,snow layer,abyssal sediment,lake sediments,and other geological records.It is of great significance to interpret the impact on the climate change of volcanic eruptions from these geological records.It is the first time that volcanic glass was discovered from the peat of Jinchuan(金川)Maar,Jilin(吉林)Province,China.And it is in situ sediments from a near-source explosive eruption according to particle size analysis and identification results.The tephra were neither from Tianchi(天池)volcano eruptions,Changbai(长白)Mountain,nor from Jinlongdingzi(金龙顶子)volcano about 1 600 aBP eruption,but maybe from an unknown eruption of Longgang(龙岗)volcano group according to their geochemistry and distribution.Geochemical characters of the tephra are similar to those of Jingiongdingzi,which are poor in s.Jica,deficient in alkali,Na20 content is more than K20 content,and are similar to distribution patterns of REE and incompatible elements,which helps to speculate that they originated from the same mantle magma with rare condemnation,and from basaltic explosive eruption of Longgang volcano group.The tephra,from peat with age proved that the eruption possibly happened in 15 BC-26 AD,is one of Longgang volcano group eruption that was not recorded and is earlier than that of Jinglongdingzi about 1 600 aBP eruption.And the sedimentary time of tephra is during the period of low temperature alteration.which may be the influence of eruption toward the local climate according to the correlativity of eruption to local temperature curve of peat cellulose oxygen isotope.     

Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimate of Red Clay sequences from Chinese Loess Plateau

Two Red Clay profiles near Xi’an and Xifeng were investigated in an attempt to determine magnetostratigraphic and palaeoclimatic records. The results show that aeolian dust accumulation and the related East Asia palaeomonsoon system had begun by 6.5 Ma, and it is deduced that the Tibetan Plateau had reached a significant elevation at that time. The late Tertiary palaeoclimatic history of the Red Clay as reflected by magnetic susceptibility is reconstructed during the period of 6.5–2.5 Ma. Stepwise increase in susceptibility of aeolian dust accumulation appears to have a close correlation to the uplift processes of the Tibetan Plateau. The remarkable increase of aeolian dust accumulation at 3.2 Ma appears to be due to the influence of global ice volume on the East Asia monsoon. Palaeomonsoon variation during the late Tertiary as recorded in the Red Clay sequences from the Chinese Loess Plateau can be regarded as the product of a number of interacting factors, such as uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, solar radiation, global ice volume, etc. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Foundation of Xi’an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

地电实验的电阻率变化形态特征

在地震预报研究中,地电阻率变化形态被作为地震预报的一种前兆手段.迄今为止,国内外已经做了许多不同加载方式的室内和室外岩石或样品的电阻率变化实验,积累了相当丰富的承载岩石或样品的电阻率变化资料.本文介绍部分不相似的实验结果,以促使此项研究进一步深入发展.     

Seismic studies of the Brasília fold belt at the western border of the São Francisco Craton, Central Brazil, using receiver function, surface-wave dispersion and teleseismic tomography

The Tocantins Province in Central Brazil is composed of a series of SSW–NNE trending terranes of mainly Proterozoic ages, which stabilized in the Neoproterozoic in the final collision between the Amazon and São Francisco cratons. No previous information on crustal seismic properties was available for this region. Several broadband stations were used to study the regional patterns of crustal and upper mantle structure, extending the results of a recent E–W seismic refraction profile. Receiver functions and surface wave dispersion showed a thin crust (33–37 km) in the Neoproterozoic Magmatic Arc terrane. High average crustal Vp/Vs ratios (1.74–1.76) were consistently observed in this unit. The foreland domain of the Brasília foldbelt, on the other hand, is characterized by thicker crust (42–43 km). Low Vp/Vs ratios (1.70–1.72) were observed in the low-grade foreland fold and thrust zone of the Brasília belt adjacent to the São Francisco craton. Teleseismic P-wave tomography shows that the lithospheric upper mantle has lower velocities beneath the Magmatic Arc and Goiás Massif compared with the foreland zone of the belt and São Francisco craton. The variations in crustal thickness and upper mantle velocities observed with the broadband stations correlate well with the measurements along the seismic refraction profile. The integration of all seismic observations and gravity data indicates a strong lithospheric contrast between the Goiás Massif and the foreland domain of the Brasília belt, whereas little variation was found across the foldbelt/craton surface boundary. These results support the hypothesis that the Brasília foreland domain and the São Francisco craton were part of a larger São Francisco-Congo continental plate in the final collision with the Amazon plate.     

轻放工作面坚硬顶板初次放顶矿压研究

针对柴里煤矿374①综放工作面坚硬顶板初次放顶难的问题,采取了强制放顶措施,同时进行矿压观测,了解初次放顶过程中矿压显现规律,采取有效安全措施,减少初次放顶带来的危害。     

石笋氧同位素和微量元素记录的陕南地区4200～2000a B.P.高分辨率季风降雨变化

基于陕南祥龙洞石笋XL2的19个230Th年龄、218个氧同位素分析以及896个Sr/Ca分析数据,高分辨率重建了4200～1972a B.P.期间陕南地区季风降雨变化.重建结果显示陕南地区这一时期季风降雨有显著的127～105a和57a周期,可能分别受控于太阳活动、PDO和/或AMO的变化.重建时段有3次百年尺度的干旱事件,分别发生于2200～2100a B.P.,2900～2700a B.P.和3600～3400a B.P.,其中2900～2700a B.P.干旱事件对应于北大西洋地区2.8ka冷事件.对比研究显示,尽管祥龙洞石笋和董哥洞石笋δ18O记录整体一致,但除了2900～ 2700aB.P.干旱事件之外,其他两次干旱事件在董哥洞石笋记录中并不明显.而尽管总体上祥龙洞和和尚洞石笋δ18O记录的差异要大,但XL2的3次干旱事件在和尚洞记录都有明显体现.有精确年代控制的祥龙洞、董哥洞及和尚洞石笋氧同位素记录的差异,揭示晚全新世我国季风降雨在十一百年尺度存在区域差异.     

改进Faster R-CNN的遥感图像多尺度飞机目标检测

为了提高遥感图像中多尺度飞机目标的检测精度,本文提出一种基于改进Faster R-CNN的遥感图像飞机目标检测方法。该方法借助多层级融合结构,将深层次的语义特征与浅层次的细节特征相结合,生成多种尺度的既具有精确的位置信息又具有深层次的语义特征的特征图;再借助Faster R-CNN的多尺度RPN (Region Proposal Network)机制,通过对RPN中候选区域尺度的修正,从而提高遥感图像中多尺度飞机目标的定位精度;最后利用Faster R-CNN的分类回归网络,得到飞机目标检测结果。在高分辨率遥感图像中进行了实验,对3种特征提取网络ZF、VGG-16以及ResNet-50进行改进,改进后的精度分别提高了11.34%、9.87%以及1.66%,并且生成的检测框更加贴合飞机目标。实验结果表明,本文方法适用于遥感图像多尺度飞机目标检测,在提高目标定位精度的同时降低了目标漏检现象。     

宽级配砂土基料-滤层系统的室内模型试验研究

基料一滤层利用数码可视化跟踪技术、计算机信息实时处理技术和土体变形无标点量测技术,对宽级配基料一滤层系统进行了渗透室内模型试验。探讨了滤层准则的适用性,研究了不同滤层厚度和加压速率对管涌发生发展的影响。结果表明：传统太沙基滤层准则不适用于宽级配砂土,建议采用可移动颗粒中的d85s进行滤层准则设计;增加滤层厚度可提高系统的抗渗透破坏能力,但提高滤层厚度对提高整个系统抵抗渗透能力作用不大;水力梯度增加较快不利于系统的稳定。