基于数据融合的SRTM数据空洞填补方法

总结国内外对SRTM数据空洞的填补方法,指出基于内插的填补方法无法满足大区域SRTM数据处理的需求。提出在内插的基础上进行数据融合的空洞填补方法,并以实例验证了该方法是一种获取完整地形数据的有效途径。     

大地电磁测深二维地形影响及其校正方法研究

采用有限元法实现ＭＴ二维模型的正演模拟,将地形条件下的二维地电模型的ＭＴ响应分解为地形引起的畸变场和与测点高程位置有关的稳定场两部分进行分析。用有限元法模拟二维地形条件下地电结构的ＭＴ 响应和纯地形的ＭＴ响应,采用比值法消除地形引起的干扰场,然后,将消除地形影响后的视电阻率值通过延拓方法获水平地形条件下二维地电结构的视电阻率分布,完善大地电磁测深视电阻率曲线的地形校正。     

Relationship Between Electrical Properties and Sedimentary Environment of the Longmaxi Formation Shale, Southern Sichuan

The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to a highly complex topographic area, electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area. Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale, however, the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood. The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements. The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity. Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz. The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite, leading to a high polarization effect in shale. We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation. The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies, which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high brittleness mineral content, high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”). This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting. Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas, and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.     

CSAMT法在昆玉线宝峰深埋隧道勘察中的应用

宝峰深埋隧道洞深附近地质情况复杂,需对岩体完整性进行评价。依据可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)的带地形二维非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演结果,把电阻率异常分为Ⅴ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类及Ⅱ类,分别对应极破碎岩体(Ⅴ级围岩)、破碎岩体(Ⅳ级围岩)、较破碎岩体(Ⅲ级围岩)和完整岩体(Ⅱ级围岩)。结合围岩分级结果,查明了宝峰深埋隧道洞深附近岩性、断层破碎带及岩溶位置,对岩体完整性进行了评估。经钻孔及地质资料验证,CSAMT勘探达到了预期效果。      

FEM Using Adaptive Topography in 2-D MT Forward Modeling

Complex terrain causes great MT noise.This paper puts forward a FEM model method using adaptive topography and quadratic elements based on studies by previous researchers.This method can model all kinds of complicated terrain and geoelectric bodies preferably.The numeric modeling,calculation of the auxiliary field and definition of resistivity are deduced by electromagnetic equations.Lastly,several examples are presented,which show the method is rapid,effective and has highly accurate.     

MT时间序列的小波去噪分析

从本质上说 ,MT时间序列中噪声的强度与类型是能否取得MT响应参数无偏估计的决定性因素。当MT时间序列中磁场和电场中都含有相关噪声时 ,传统的去噪方法已无能为力。结合小波分析与MT时间序列的特征 ,提出了一种基于小波分析的MT时间序列去噪方法 ,讨论了基于小波分析的噪声识别 ,分析了理论数据通过小波分解与重构实现的去噪处理 ,探讨了对实测时间序列的固定源和随机干扰的去噪处理     

灾害救助超宽带电磁生命探测方法的模拟研究

将超宽带电磁探测技术引入灾害救助方法技术之中,以充分发挥其穿透障碍物能力强、探测距离大、分辨率高和携带目标信息量丰富等优势。为了研究超宽带电磁波在有障碍物下的探测目标人体的可行性,论文以穿墙探测障碍物后的生命体模型为例,使用时域有限差分方法模拟超宽带电磁波的三维传播过程;给出一个呼吸周期内的人体胸部几个变化状态下的人体回波信号的模拟结果,给出多个状态下的微动信号的加强积分曲线。模拟结果显示了超宽带电磁波能高分辨率地反映墙体与障碍物后面的目标人体,能检测到人体呼吸所致的胸部运动信号,因而超宽带电磁探测技术用于灾害现场生命检测是理论可行的,在穿透墙体及障碍物方面具有独特优势。研究成果为城市灾害以及紧急事件现场生命救助提供了电磁探测方法与数理模拟技术,并为建立一种新型、非接触、有效的灾害救助实用技术打下了基础。     

The Deep Geophysical Structure of the Middle Section of the Longmen Mountains Tectonic Belt and its Relation to the Wenchuan Earthquake

Investigation of the deep geophysical structure of the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt and its relation to the Wenchuan Earthquake is important for the study of earthquakes. By using magnetotelluric sounding profiles of the Luqu–Zhongjiang and Anxian–Suining; seismic sounding profiles of the Sichuan Maowen–Chongqing Gongtan, the Qinghai Huashi Gorge–Sichuan Jianyang, and the Batang–Zizhong; and magnetogravimetric data of the Longmen Mountains region, the deep geophysical structure of the Songpan–Ganzi block, the western Sichuan foreland basin, and the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt and their relation was discussed. The eastward extrusion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau thrusts the Songpan–Ganzi block upon the Yangtze block, which obstructs the eastward movement of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The Maoxian–Wenchuan, Beichuan–Yingxiu, and Anxian–Guanxian faults of the Longmen Mountains fault belt dip to northwest with different dip angles and gradually converge in the deeper parts. Geophysical structure suggests that an intracrustal low-velocity, low-resistivity, and high-conductivity layer is common between the middle and upper crust west of the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt but not in the upper Yangtze block. The Sichuan Basin has a thick low-resistance sedimentary layer on a stable high-resistance basement; moreover, there are secondary paleohighs and depression structures at the lower part of the western Sichuan foreland basin with characteristic of high magnetic anomalies, whereas the Songpan–Ganzi block has a high resisitivity cover of upper crust and continues to a low-resistance layer. Considering the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt as the boundary, there are Bouguer gravity anomalies of "one belt between two zones." Thus, we infer that there is a corresponding relation between the inferred crystalline basement of the Songpan block and the underlying basin basement of the Longmen Mountains fault belt. Furthermore, there may be an extensive ancient Yangtze block, which is west of the Ruoergai block. In addition, the crust–mantle ductile shear zone under the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt is the main fault, whereas the Beichuan–Yingxiu and Anxian–Guanxian faults at the surface are earthquake faults. The Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake might be attributed to the collision of the Yangtze block and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The eastward obduction of the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and eastward subduction of its deeper part under the influence of the collision of the Indian, Pacific, and Philippine Plates with the Eurasia Plate might have caused the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt to cut the Moho and extend to the middle and upper crust; thus, creating high stress concentration and rapid energy release zone.     

电､磁综合方法在云南北衙铁金矿勘查中的应用

北衙金矿位于西南三江富碱斑岩成矿带区域,地质构造复杂,华里西期海相玄武岩和喜山期富碱斑岩极为发育;前者普遍具有热液型铜矿化,后者与金、铁、铅、锌、银等多金属矿床具有密切成因关系。本文针对北衙铁金矿,利用高精度磁测圈定的磁异常,结合音频大地电磁法,两种方法互补,遵循"从已知矿床到未知的原则",紧密结合地质资料,较好地探测深部地质构造以及矿体的空间位置,为工程布置提供了有力的指导。