Toxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and NH3 on Chinese prawn

This study deals with the toxic effects of Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and NH₃ on Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis). The median lethal concentrations of the toxic matters on Chinese prawn were determined. Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺>Zn²⁺>NH₃-Nm is the toxic order of these chemicals to Chinese prawn. The toxic order of concentrated Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in tissues and organs of Chinese prawn is in the order. gill>shell+appendage>viscera>muscle.     

黄河源高寒草原下垫面土壤冻融过程中陆-气间的水热交换特征分析

高寒草原水热交换的季节性特征显著,土壤冻融过程对地-气水热交换有着重要的影响.本文利用黄河源区汤岔玛小流域2014年5月至2015年5月陆面过程观测数据,将土壤冻融过程划分为完全融化(TT)和完全冻结(FF)两种状态与融冻(T-F)和冻融(F-T)两个过程,并分析了期间高寒草原下垫面净辐射、感热通量、潜热通量和地表热通...     

TOXIC EFFECTS OF Zn~(2+), Cu~(2+), Cd~(2+)and NH_3 ON CfflNESE PRAWN

This study deals with the toxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and NH3 on Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis). The median lethal concentrations of the toxic matters on Chinese prawn were determined. Cd2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>NH3-Nm is the toxic order of these chemicals to Chinese prawn. The toxic order of concentrated Zn2+ and Cd2+ in tissues and organs of Chinese prawn is in the order gill > shell + appendage>viscera > muscle..     

海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用——以温州市和台州市为例

为完善海洋观测体系,提高海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用性,文章以海洋经济较发达和遭受海洋灾害较多的温州市和台州市为例,选取潮位、波浪和水温3个重要海洋观测要素,分析海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:由于观测时间较短、地理位置特殊和数据代表性不足,海洋观测站的潮位数据未能在台风风暴潮的预报和防灾减灾中有效发挥作用;由于波浪观测仪器布设位置的地形阻挡和观测站少,波浪数据的预报准确性和实际应用不足;个别观测站的水温数据不适用于大面海洋环境和赤潮的预报,且缺少对低温灾害的观测。针对海洋观测数据的实际应用与相关业务脱节的问题,未来应提高观测数据质量、紧密结合当地海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾工作需求、开展重点目标保障预报工作以及加强海洋观测宣传教育。     

若尔盖高寒湿地夏季近地面水平热平流对地表能量闭合度的影响研究

近地面能量不闭合问题一直以来都是陆面过程研究的一个重要的科学问题,且在非均匀湿地下垫面的近地面尤为突出.利用中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站花湖观测场的地面风场和温度场数据,计算了由湿地下垫面热力非均匀性引起的水平热平流,并分析了考虑水平热平流后地表能量平衡的变化.结果表明:2017年夏季若尔盖湿地近地面水平热平...     

青藏高原土壤冻融过程关键参量时空分布特征分析

土壤冻融过程是青藏高原陆面过程中最突出的特征之一,量化表征土壤冻融过程的关键参量变化特征对认识青藏高原气候变化、生态和水文过程有重要的科学意义.本文利用青藏高原地区ECMWF/ERA5(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts/ERA5)的浅层土壤温度、体积含...     

Progress in plant phenology modeling under global climate change

Plant phenology is the study of the timing of recurrent biological events and the causes of their timing with regard to biotic and abiotic forces. Plant phenology affects the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems and determines vegetation feedback to the climate system by altering the carbon, water and energy fluxes between the vegetation and near-surface atmosphere. Therefore, an accurate simulation of plant phenology is essential to improve our understanding of the response of ecosystems to climate change and the carbon, water and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Phenological studies have developed rapidly under global change conditions, while the research of phenology modeling is largely lagged. Inaccurate phenology modeling has become the primary limiting factor for the accurate simulation of terrestrial carbon and water cycles.Understanding the mechanism of phenological response to climate change and building process-based plant phenology models are thus important frontier issues. In this review, we first summarized the drivers of plant phenology and overviewed the development of plant phenology models. Finally, we addressed the challenges in the development of plant phenology models and highlighted that coupling machine learning and Bayesian calibration into process-based models could be a potential approach to improve the accuracy of phenology simulation and prediction under future global change conditions.     

Toxic effects of zinc on four species of freshwater fish

The toxic effects of Zn²⁺ on Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthyps molitrix C. et V.), Big Head Carp (Aristrichthys nobilis Richardson), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon ilellus C. et V.), and Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama aimbly-cephala Yih) are studied. The test results are: (1) There are linear correlations between 24h LC₅₀ and 48h LC₅₀ of Zn²⁺ for Silver Carp fingerling and temperature. 24h LC₅₀, 48h LC₅₀ and 96h LC₅₀ of Zn²⁺ for fry of the four species are also determined; (2) There are logarithmic correlations between the growth rates of the fry and the concentrations of Zn²⁺ and between expansion of fish egg membranes after absorbing water and concentrations of Zn²⁺; (3) The tolerance of fry of the four species to Zn²⁺ is in the following order: Grass Carp>Silver Carp>Blunt Snout Bream>Big Head Carp; (4) The safe concentrations of Zn²⁺ are: Big Head Carp: 0.008 mg/L, Grass Carp: 0.046 mg/L, Blunt Snout Bream: 0.010 mg/L, Silver Carp: 0.012 mg/L, Silver Carp fingerling: 0.09 mg/L.