Fourier Coefficients Variation with Angle for Fracture Detection and Fluid Discrimination in Tilted Transversely Isotropic Media

Surveys in Geophysics - Fracture detection and fluid discrimination play significant roles in the field of geothermics, hydrogeology, and exploration geophysics. However, it is still a challenging...     

一种基于全局优化的交错网格有限差分法

在地震波场数值模拟中, 交错网格有限差分技术得到了广泛的应用, 但是在弹性模量变化较大时, 通常会因插值而导致模拟误差增大. 旋转交错网格可以很好地克服这个缺点, 因而适合于各向异性介质正演模拟. 但是对于同样大小的网格单元, 旋转交错网格需要的步长比常规交错网格要大, 这会使梯度和散度算子的误差增大因而更易产生空间数值频散. 针对这些问题, 本文提出了旋转交错网格与紧致有限差分相结合的方法, 并基于模拟退火算法进行全局优化, 压制数值频散, 拓宽波数范围. 数值模拟结果表明, 此方法可以有效地压制数值频散, 且具有较高的模拟精度.      

基于“.NET”的华南区域人工增雨效果统计检验共享平台的设计与实现

利用Google Earth二次开发工具API设计了一种基于浏览器/服务器(B/S)模式的人工增雨作业效果检验的动态人工增雨效果检验共享系统。该系统基于“.NET”平台,以C#作为主要开发语言,利用Google Earth二次开发工具API实现了区域级人工增雨作业效果评估的共享,实现了Google Map和火箭作业点、...     

基于弹性波阻抗的拉梅参数反演与应用

(Connolly的弹性阻抗(EI)公式是纵、横波速度、密度和入射角的函数,应用该公式的常规反演方法只能直接得到纵、横波速度和密度的信息,而且不同角度的弹性阻抗在数值上差别很大,不在同一尺度上,无法进行对比。本文针对常规反演方法的缺点,提出了基于Gray的Zoeppritz近似方程的新的弹性阻抗公式,并对这个公式进行了标准化以实现不同角度的弹性阻抗在数值上的统一,最后用标准化后的公式进行了反演,利用拉梅参数与弹性阻抗问的线性关系可从反演得到的弹性阻抗数据体中直接提取得到拉梅参数。应用实例表明用这种方法提取得到的弹性参数更加稳定、准确,而且能很好地反映储层信息。这种新的方法是对以Connolly公式为基础的传统方法的改进。     

Lamé parameters inversion based on elastic impedance and its application

The Connolly (1999) elastic impedance (EI) equation is a function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density, and incidence angle. Conventional inversion methods based on this equation can only extract P-velocity, S-velocity, and density data directly and the elastic impedance at different incidence angles are not at the same scale, which makes comparison difficult. We propose a new elastic impedance equation based on the Gray et al. (1999) Zoeppritz approximation using Lamé parameters to address the conventional inversion method’s deficiencies. This equation has been normalized to unify the elastic impedance dimensions at different angles and used for inversion. Lamé parameters can be extracted directly from the elastic impedance data obtained from inversion using the linear relation between Lamé parameters and elastic impedance. The application example shows that the elastic parameters extracted using this new method are more stable and correct and can recover the reservoir information very well. The new method is an improvement on the conventional method based on Connolly’s equation. Wang Baoli graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Prospecting Information and Engineering from the China University of Petroleum (East China) in 2004 and earned her Master’s degree from the department of Geophysical Prospecting and Information Technology in the China University of Petroleum ((East China) in 2006. She now studies for her PhD at the China University of Petroleum (East China). Her research interest is elastic impedance inversion.     

连续、自动测量地下水氡的一种α方法

本文介绍了一种利用气—水相平衡原理实现连续、自动监测地下水氡浓度的新方法。推导出了该方法的数学表达式,对该方法的灵敏度、时间响应等特性作了讨论,并与利用该原理研制的水氡测量仪的测量结果进行比较。结果表明,这个新方法能够满足地震预报和地质领域测氡的要求。     

Facies-constrained prestack seismic probabilistic inversion driven by rock physics

Seismic Rock physics plays a bridge role between the rock moduli and physical properties of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Prestack seismic inversion is an important method for the quantitative characterization of elasticity, physical properties, lithology and fluid properties of subsurface reservoirs. In this paper, a high order approximation of rock physics model for clastic rocks is established and one seismic AVO reflection equation characterized by the high order approximation(Jacobian and Hessian matrix) of rock moduli is derived. Besides, the contribution of porosity, shale content and fluid saturation to AVO reflectivity is analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed AVO equation is discussed in the direct estimation of rock physical properties. On the basis of this, one probabilistic AVO inversion based on differential evolution-Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic model is proposed on the premise that the model parameters obey Gaussian mixture probability prior model. The stochastic model has both the global optimization characteristics of the differential evolution algorithm and the uncertainty analysis ability of Markov chain Monte Carlo model. Through the cross parallel of multiple Markov chains, multiple stochastic solutions of the model parameters can be obtained simultaneously, and the posterior probability density distribution of the model parameters can be simulated effectively. The posterior mean is treated as the optimal solution of the model to be inverted.Besides, the variance and confidence interval are utilized to evaluate the uncertainties of the estimated results, so as to realize the simultaneous estimation of reservoir elasticity, physical properties, discrete lithofacies and dry rock skeleton. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by theoretical tests and one real application case in eastern China.     

Linearized amplitude variation with offset and azimuth and anisotropic poroelasticity

The normal-to-shear weakness ratio is commonly used as a fracture fluid indicator, but it depends not only on the fluid types but also on the fracture intensity and internal architecture. Amplitude variation with offset and azimuth is commonly used to perform the fluid identification and fracture characterization in fractured porous rocks. We demonstrate a direct inversion approach to utilize the observable azimuthal data to estimate the decoupled fluid (fluid/porosity term) and fracture (normal and shear weaknesses) parameters instead of the calculation of normal-to-shear weakness ratio to help reduce the uncertainties in fracture characterization and fluid identification of a gas-saturated porous medium permeated by a single set of parallel vertical fractures. Based on the anisotropic poroelasticity and perturbation theory, we first derive a linearized amplitude versus offset and azimuth approximation using the scattering function to decouple the fluid indicator and fracture parameters. Incorporating Bayes formula and convolution theory, we propose a feasible direct inversion approach in a Bayesian framework to obtain the direct estimations of model parameters, in which Cauchy and Gaussian distribution are used for the a priori information of model parameters and the likelihood function, respectively. We finally use the non-linear iteratively reweighted least squares to solve the maximum a posteriori solutions of model parameters. The synthetic examples containing a moderate noise demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, and the real data illustrates the stabilities of estimated fluid indicator and dry fracture parameters in gas-saturated fractured porous rocks.     

Multi-trace basis-pursuit seismic inversion for resolution enhancement

Seismic inversion is an important tool that transfers interface information of seismic data to formation information, which renders the seismic data easily understood by geologists or petroleum engineers. In this study, a novel multi-trace basis-pursuit inversion method based on the Bayesian theory is proposed to enhance the vertical resolution and overcome the lateral instability of inversion results between different traces occasionally seen in the traditional trace-by-trace basis-pursuit inversion method. The Markov process is initially introduced to describe the relationship between adjacent seismic traces and their correlation, which we then close couple in the equation of our new inversion method. A recursive function is further derived to simplify the inversion process by considering the particularity of the coefficient matrix in the multi-trace inversion equation. A series of numerical-analysis and field data examples demonstrates that both the traditional and the new methods for P-wave impedance inversion are helpful in enhancing the resolution of thin beds that are usually difficult to discern from original seismic profiles, thus highlighting the importance of acoustic-impedance inversion for thin bed interpretation. Furthermore, in addition to yielding thin bed inversion results with enhanced lateral continuity and high vertical resolution, our proposed method is robust to noise and cannot be easily contaminated by it, which we verify using both synthetic and field data.     

基于入射角的AVO近似弹性波阻抗方程及反演

AVO技术在油气勘探中已经得到广泛应用,但是在应用Zoeppritz方程的线性近似方程时,通常是直接应用入射角代替平均角进行参数计算,这样做会给反演工作带来误差。基于入射角的AVO近似方程将反射系数表示为入射角的函数,可以解决常规计算中存在的误差。过程如下:首先,由基于入射角的AVO近似方程推导得到基于入射角的弹性阻抗方程,将其标准化以实现不同角度的弹性阻抗间量纲的统一,并通过经典的AVO模型验证其准确性;然后,建立基于新方程的弹性阻抗反演方法,对Marmousi2模型进行反演,与常规方法反演结果进行对比,结果表明,新方法得到的结果更加准确;最后,利用某实际工区数据进行反演,得到的结果与实际测井资料匹配效果很好,证明了该方法有很强的实用性。