Trimble MX7移动测量系统精度影响因素分析

车载移动测量系统的测图精度受测量环境影响较大,而城市测量的环境一般较复杂,且环境对测量精度的影响程度并未明确,因此本文主要针对车辆在建筑物遮挡和拐弯两种情况下做了实验,同时对同一目标点的二维坐标和三维坐标进行了平面精度的对比,综合分析评价了Trimble MX7移动测量系统在实际应用中行驶轨迹精度和目标点位精度的变化情况。实验证明,轨迹拐弯处的点位精度比车辆直行时的点位精度差,但满足1∶1 000数字测图精度要求,在建筑遮挡最密集时点位精度最差但仍可应用于1∶1 000野外数字测图,直接对目标点的三维坐标进行提取的精度优于二维坐标提取方式,该测量系统可应用于1∶2 000野外数字测图的高程测量。     

开垦对内蒙古温带草地土壤不同有机碳组分的影响(英文)

Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon (C), especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly (p<0.01). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients (qMBs) in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.     

一种改进的高铁无砟轨道检测方法

无砟轨道的静态检测通常是沿着轨道线路对轨枕逐个检测,这样做虽然能够满足工程精度的需要但是工作效率较低。文中通过比较不同的插值方法的优缺点,最终选择通过三次样条插值对静态轨道检测的隔轨数据进行处理,并结合贵广高铁检测工程在采用不同的测量方案下,对高铁线路直线段和曲线段的插值结果进行分析。并且用内插后的轨检数据结果与连续测量后得到的轨检数据进行比较,得出不同条件下最有效、最准确的测量与数据处理的实施方案,工程实践证明,文中提出的检测与数据处理手段具有准确性和高效性。     

镜头畸变参数对航测像点量测精度的影响

为了得到径向畸变、切向畸变和非方形像元改正3种镜头畸变参数最优化的组合,提高航测时的像点量测精度,研究了不同畸变参数组合条件下对像点量测精度的影响。采用3种型号的镜头对辽宁工程技术大学北校区进行了航测,并利用Virtuozo AAT-PATB空三软件测试了几种典型组合下的航测结果精度。试验结果表明：在条件允许的情况下,尽可能采用较为全面的畸变参数能够最大限度地提升航测结果的精度;当条件有限时,采用K₁和K₂组合的模型可以消除大部分镜头畸变带来的影响,对结果精度的提升最为显著。研究成果可以为其他无人机航测任务提供参考。     

地面三维激光扫描点云拼接影响因素分析

在地面三维激光扫描仪进行三维建模过程中,需要对不同测站的点云进行拼接。为了提高不同测站点云拼接精度,本文开展了球形标靶表面扫描点数量、标靶的分布和数量及扫描距离4个因素对三维激光扫描仪不同测站下点云拼接精度的影响研究。采用法如（FOCUS）三维激光扫描仪开展了不同扫描分辨率、不同标靶数量、不同标靶分布和不同距离下的点云拼接试验,并采用SENCE软件对点云进行了拼接精度分析。试验结果表明,选择两测站的标靶表面的扫描点数量大致相等,并将4个标靶作为连接点,且放置在不同高度不规则排列时,点云拼接的精度最优。     

地应力影响煤层气勘探开发的研究现状与展望

通过总结评述前人关于地应力影响煤层气勘探开发的相关文献和成果,讨论了地应力与煤层气成藏、地应力与煤储层渗透率、地应力与煤储层压裂改造、地应力与煤层气井位部署的关系,对相关研究工作的未来走势进行了展望。认为：地应力控制着煤层气成藏过程中的各个环节,是影响煤层渗透率中最主要的因素,也是煤层气井压裂设计和井网部署必须考虑的重要参数。地应力研究对煤层气勘探开发意义重大,且亟待加强。     

大渡河上游面雨量预报质量检验与释用

基于2019年6-10月中央气象台智能网格预报模式（NWGD）降水产品和CMPAS-V2.1融合降水分析实时数据产品,采用平均绝对误差、晴雨预报正确率、TS评分等方法评估该预报产品对大渡河上游面雨量的预报效果。评估结果表明：NWGD预报产品在大渡河上游面雨量的预报效果整体较好,平均绝对误差范围控制在5.6 mm以内,晴雨预报可信度较高。小雨的预报效果好于中雨,小雨的TS评分大于中雨,空报率和漏报率均低于中雨。将小雨和中雨分别做消空处理,小雨各预报时效消空处理后晴雨预报正确率提升不明显,而中雨预报效果有明显提升。     

Effect of canopy openness and meteorological factors on spatial variability of throughfall isotopic composition in a Japanese cypress plantation

Spatial variability of throughfall (TF) isotopic composition, used as tracer input, influences isotope hydrological applications in forested watersheds. Notwithstanding, identification of the dominant canopy factors and processes that affect the patterns of TF isotopic variability remains ambiguous. Here, we examined the spatio‐temporal variability of TF isotopic composition in a Japanese cypress plantation, in which intensive strip thinning was performed and investigated whether canopy structure at a fine resolution of canopy effect analysis is related to TF isotopic composition and how this is affected by meteorological factors. Canopy openness, as an index of canopy structure, was calculated from hemispherical photographs at different zenith angles. TF samples were collected in a 10 × 10 m experimental plot in both pre‐thinning (from July to November 2010) and post‐thinning (from May 2012 to March 2013) periods. Our results show that thinning resulted in a smaller alteration of input δ¹⁸O of gross precipitation, whereas the changes in deuterium excess varied in both directions. Despite the temporal stability of spatial patterns in TF amount, the spatial variability of TF isotopic composition was not temporally stable in both pre‐ and post‐thinning periods. Additionally, after thinning, the isotopic composition of TF was best related to canopy openness calculated at the zenith angle of 7°, exhibiting three different relationships, that is, significantly negative, significantly positive, and nonsignificant. Changes in meteorological factors (wind speed, rainfall intensity, and temperature) were found to affect the relationships between TF δ¹⁸O and canopy openness. The observed shifts in the relationships reveal different dominant factors (partial evaporation and the selection), and canopy water flowpaths control such differences. This study provides useful insights into the spatial variability of TF isotopic composition and improves our understanding of the physical processes of interception through canopy passage.     

基于WebGIS的防震减灾信息及辅助决策系统的二次开发

本文在单机版某油田防震减灾信息及辅助决策系统的基础上,详细探讨了基于WebGIS的防震减灾信息及辅助决策系统的二次开发,其中包括系统的软硬件结构、计算机开发语言、数据库连接和远程调用等。最后阐述了在现有的二次开发防震减灾系统的基础上还需要继续完善的功能和解决的问题,如并行处理及基础信息的及时更新等。     

对流层延迟参数与坐标参数的相关性研究

为确定对流层延迟参数与坐标参数的相关性,采用随机卡尔曼滤波进行精密单点定位解算,以静态模式下的参数估值为真值,对动态模式下的坐标垂直分量与对流层天顶湿延迟误差进行相关性分析与回归分析.结果表明二者显著负线性相关,坐标垂直分量误差波动幅度是对流层天顶湿延迟误差波动幅度的4倍左右;卫星截止高度角越低,参数相关性越强.在估计中有效利用这一相关性特点,可以提高参数估计的精度.