特长钢箱梁桥GPS监测数据的奇异谱分析

实时准确地监测和分析大型建筑物的变形对于大型建筑物的施工与运行是十分重要的。奇异谱分析(SSA)是一种与经验正交函数相关联的一种统计技术。文中采用奇异谱分析(SSA)的方法,结合功率谱峰值与原序列和RC1-2重建序列均方误差最小的方法确定最优潜入维数M,研究了特长钢箱梁桥索塔的变形趋势和震荡周期。小波分析技术也可以很好地描述时间序列的时频分布,但SSA重构后的结果比小波要平滑些,更能反映出时间序列的特征。结合苏通大桥北索塔监测序列表明,北索塔站的N,E,U方向上均存在明显的趋势和显著的变动周期,而且也含有较多的噪声信息。     

Advances in the Semiconductor-Mediated Electron Transfer Mechanism at Microbe-Mineral Interface

The interaction between minerals and microbes is an important biogeochemical process in the earth surface system, which links the transformation of substances and energy exchange in different earth spheres, and also affects a series of important earth surface processes, including the formation and evolution of secondary minerals, nutrient cycling and environmental behaviors of pollutants. The previous studies on microbe-mineral interaction focused on the extracellular electron transfer, and the microbe-mediated dissolution, precipitation, mineralization of minerals. Because of semiconductor properties of the mineral, it plays a special role in the process of microbial extracellular electron transfer, which can also help to understand the mutual interaction between microbe and mineral from a new angle of view. The unique energy level structures and redox properties of semiconducting mineral lead to a great difference in the mechanism of microbe and mineral interaction. The latest research progresses in the mechanism of microbe-mineral interaction mediated by semiconducting mineral were reviewed from two aspects: driven by thermodynamics and light energy. Finally, the future development trends of the interaction between microbes and semiconductor minerals were prospected.     

Microaerobic Fe (Ⅱ) oxidation coupled to carbon assimilation processes driven by microbes from paddy soil

Microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation process at neutral pH, driven by microbes can couple to carbon assimilation process in iron-rich freshwater and marine environments; however, few studies report such coupled processes in paddy soil of the critical zone in South China. In this study, rhizosphere soil from flooded paddy field was used as the inoculum to enrich the microaerophilic Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing bacteria(FeOB) in gradient tubes with different Fe(Ⅱ) substrates(FeS and FeCO_3) and ~(13)C-biocarbonate as inorganic carbon source to track the carbon assimilation. Kinetics of Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation and biomineralization were analyzed, and the composition and abundance of the microbial community were profiled using 16 S rRNA gene-based highthroughput sequencing. Results showed that microbial cell bands were formed 0.5–1.0 cm below the medium surface in the inoculated tubes with Fe(Ⅱ) substances, while no cell band was found in the non-inocula controls. The protein concentrations in the cell bands reached the highest values at 18.7–22.9 mg m~L(-1) on 6 d in the inocula tubes with Fe(Ⅱ) substrates. A plateau of the yields of ~(13)C-biocarbonate incorporation was observed during 6–15 d at 0.44–0.54% and 1.61–1.98% in the inocula tubes with FeS and FeCO_3, respectively. The inocula tube with FeS showed a higher Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation rate of 0.156 mmol L~(-1) d~(-1) than that with FeCO_3(0.106 mmol L~(-1) d~(-1)). Analyses of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that amorphous iron oxide was formed on the surface of rod-shaped bacteria after Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation.Relative to the agar only control, the abundances of Clostridium and Pseudogulbenkiania increased in the inocula tube with FeS,while those of Vogesella, Magnetospirillum, Solitalea, and Oxalicibacterium increased in the inocula tube with FeCO_3, all of which might be the potential microaerophilic FeOB in paddy soil. The findings in this study suggest that microbes that couple microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation to carbon assimilation existed in the paddy soil, which provides an insight into the iron-carbon coupling transformation under microaerobic conditions in the critical zone of the iron-rich red soil.     

Cyclic loading test of self-centering precast segmental unbonded posttensioned UHPFRC bridge columns

Three 1/3-scale precast segmental bridge columns, manufactured with ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) incorporating river sand and coarse aggregate, were tested under cyclic loading. Energy dissipation (ED) bars, embedded in ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) grout, maintained continuous across segment joints and unbonded at the bottom joint. Self-centering prestressing force was provided by unbonded posttensioning (PT) tendons. The research parameters included PT force level and the amount of ED bars. Test results showed that all the specimens exhibited no less than 8% drift capacities, which were remarked with the first fracture of ED bars. No obvious cracking and limited UHPFRC spalling were observed. Both PT force level and the amount of ED bars have notable effects on stiffness, lateral strength, and ductility. Increased PT force may improve ductility with the total axial loading ratio less than 0.08. All PT tendons were elastic and no yield or rupturing was found, but the stress loss was significant. The equivalent unbonded length can be evaluated with 0.007d_bf_y for ED bars embedded in UHPC grout. The rotation of the bottom joint dominated lateral deformation and the contribution of joint sliding can be neglected. The contribution λ_ED of ED bars to lateral strength should be no more than 25% to maintain self-centering capacity.     

北斗系统星源伪距偏差特性分析及改正

北斗卫星伪距观测值存在一类与卫星相关的系统误差,称为星源伪距偏差,MEO和IGSO卫星可以通过其与高度角的关系建立改正模型,而GEO卫星由于其静止特性难以建立基于高度角的改正模型。据此,本文在分析GEO卫星伪距偏差特性的基础上,提出了一种基于奇异谱分析(SSA)的修正方法,并通过双频无电离层组合伪距单点定位(SPP)对比试验来验证修正效果。结果表明:修正后GEO卫星伪距观测值基本上消除了伪距偏差,MP观测值精度在B1、B2、B3频率上分别提高了39.9%、17.9%、29.4%,MW观测值精度提高了41.3%;传统改正模型修正IGSO和MEO卫星伪距偏差对SPP影响很小,而奇异谱分析方法修正GEO卫星伪距偏差使SPP的精度在平面、高程方向上分别提高了11.1%、21.1%。