痛泻要方对肝郁脾虚型IBS-D大鼠肠道菌群的影响研究

目的：观察痛泻要方对肝郁脾虚型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）大鼠肠道菌群的影响,基于“脑肠菌轴”角度探讨痛泻要方治疗IBS-D的作用机制。方法：将24只SD大鼠随机分为4组：即空白组（NormalG)、模型组(ModelG)、双歧杆菌三联活菌片组(ShuangG)、痛泻要方组（TongG),每组各6只。通过夹尾结合番泻叶灌胃的方法制备肝郁脾虚型IBS-D大鼠模型,分别给予相应药物灌胃,NormalG以及ModelG予0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃。采用16srDNA测序法分析IBS-D大鼠肠道菌群在治疗前后的变化。结果：在门水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门的种群丰度,有效降低了含较多致病菌的变形菌门丰度;在纲水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了梭状芽胞杆菌纲、拟杆菌纲、杆菌纲的丰度,降低了丙型变形菌纲丰度;在目水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了梭菌目、乳杆菌目、拟杆菌目的丰度,降低了黄色单胞菌目、肠杆菌目丰度;在属水平上,TongG较ModelG增加了巨单胞菌属、劳特氏菌属种群丰度,有效降低了寡养单胞菌属丰度;韦恩图和花瓣图显示,NormalG菌群数量最多,ModelG最少,TongG较ModelG增多且程度大于ShuangG,共有种群数量更趋近于NormalG;稀释曲线和等级聚类曲线结果均显示TongG的肠道菌群丰度及均匀度更趋近NormalG;箱型图展示TongG与NormalG多样性、离散程度、中位数更接近;PCOA分析结果显示TongG相较ShuangG,与NormalG重合度更高。结论：痛泻要方能纠正IBS-D患者存在的菌群失衡,促使肠道菌群结构趋于正常,且改善程度优于双歧杆菌三联活菌片。     

The dynamic and thermodynamic processes dominating the reduction of global land monsoon precipitation driven by anthropogenic aerosols emission

Changes in monsoon precipitation have profound social and economic impacts as more than two-thirds of the world's population lives in monsoon regions. Observations show a significant reduction in global land monsoon precipitation during the second half of the 20 th century. Understanding the cause of this change, especially possible anthropogenic origins, is important.Here, we compare observed changes in global land monsoon precipitation during 1948–2005 with those simulated by 5 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project-phase 5(CMIP5) under different external forcings.We show that the observed drying trend is consistent with the model simulated response to anthropogenic forcing and to anthropogenic aerosol forcing in particular. We apply the optimal fingerprinting method to quantify anthropogenic influences on precipitation and find that anthropogenic aerosols may have contributed to 102%(62–144% for the 5–95% confidence interval)of the observed decrease in global land monsoon precipitation. A moisture budget analysis indicates that the reduction in precipitation results from reduced vertical moisture advection in response to aerosol forcing. Since much of the monsoon regions,such as India and China, have been experiencing rapid developments with increasing aerosol emissions in the past decedes, our results imply a further reduction in monsoon precipitation in these regions in the future if effective mitigations to reduce aerosol emissions are not deployed. The observed decline of aerosol emission in China since 2006 helps to alleviate the reducing trend of monsoon precipiptaion.     

RegCM3 CORDEX东亚试验模拟和预估的中国夏季温度变化

按照CORDEX (COordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment) 计划试验设计要求,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所全球模式FGOALS-g2的数据驱动区域气候模式RegCM3,针对1986~2005年历史气候和2010~2065年RCP8.5排放情景下气候预估,对东亚地区进行了50 km动力降尺度模拟。首先评估了RegCM3模式及驱动模式FGOALS-g2对1986~2005年夏季中国地表气温和极端高温事件的模拟能力,然后比较了两个模式在RCP8.5排放情景下对中国夏季地表气温和极端高温事件预估的变化,重点分析了动力降尺度结果的优势。结果表明,两个模式均能合理再现夏季中国地表气温和极端高温事件的大尺度气候态特征。相对于全球模式,区域模式由于水平分辨率较高,能在刻画地表气温分布的细节上体现出优势。在RCP8.5排放情景下,两个模式预估的三个地表气温指标均显著升高,到21世纪中期 (2046~2065年),两个模式预估的全国平均地表气温增幅相当,气温日较差变化均较小。在FGOALS-g2模式预估中,到21世纪中期,三个地表气温指标的增幅相当,气温日较差没有明显变化,东北和青藏高原的地表气温增幅最大。在RegCM3模式预估中,到21世纪中期,中国大部分地区日最高气温 (Tmax) 增幅大于日最低气温 (Tmin) 增幅,气温日较差增加;而在青藏高原西部,Tmax的增幅较Tmin偏低,气温日较差减小。在RCP8.5排放情景下,两个模式预估的极端高温事件到21世纪中期也显著增加,RegCM3模式预估的极端高温事件全国平均增幅略高于FGOALS-g2模式的预估。在两个模式的预估中,日最高气温最大值 (TXx)、暖昼指数 (TX90p) 和持续暖期指数 (WSDI) 变化的空间分布特征与Tmax相似;和当代相比TX90p增加了60%以上,而WSDI增加了一倍以上。     

Extreme Cold Events in North America and Eurasia in November-December 2022: A Potential Vorticity Gradient Perspective

From 17 November to 27 December 2022, extremely cold snowstorms frequently swept across North America and Eurasia. Diagnostic analysis reveals that these extreme cold events were closely related to the establishment of blocking circulations. Alaska Blocking(AB) and subsequent Ural Blocking(UB) episodes are linked to the phase transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and represent the main atmospheric regimes in the Northern Hemisphere. The downstream dispersion and propagation of Rossby...     

贵州水城发耳井田龙潭组沉积特征及聚煤规律

基于贵州水城发耳井田晚二叠世含煤地层钻井岩心及样品分析测试结果,在龙潭组识别出障壁砂坝-潟湖相及三角洲相2种沉积类型,沉积环境对煤层的展布及煤质特征具显著的控制作用,三角洲平原到前缘的过渡区域是成煤的有利部位,即相对厚煤区呈北东-南西向展布于研究区的中部,单层厚度一般为1.5～2.0m;煤中硫分变化与成煤期的沉积相带展布相吻合,自西北隅三角洲相区至东南隅的潟湖-潮坪相区硫分由0.5％～1.0％增至大于3.0％,主要以黄铁矿硫为主,为成煤环境海水中的硫酸根被还原形成硫铁矿进入煤层所致,而灰分变化趋势则反映了陆源碎屑物质由北西向南东的注入方向.     

中国西南地区动力用煤资源分级评价指标及资源量构成

中国西南地区有工业价值的成煤时代较多(C1、P3、T3、N等),煤类从褐煤到无烟煤均有分布。在分析该地区含煤地层及煤质特征的基础上,确定了动力用煤资源评价方法,依据煤炭质量分级发热量、灰分、硫分标准,提出了西南地区动力用煤资源评价建议,划分出五个等级,据此对西南地区煤炭资源进行了动力用煤等级评价。西南地区动力用煤煤炭资源保有储量为10 254 142万t,其中二级动力用煤保有资源储量3 768 169万t,占全区动力用煤总保有储量的36.7%,主要分布在毕节-织金赋煤带的黔北煤田;四级动力用煤保有资源储量2 854 072万t,占全区动力用煤总保有储量的27.8%,主要分布在六盘水赋煤带的六盘水煤田。     

2019年4～6月云南持续性高温天气的大气环流异常成因

2019年4～6月云南省发生了历史罕见的持续性极端高温天气,并引发了严重气象干旱。本文利用1961～2019年逐日温度和大气再分析等资料以及CESM-LE计划（Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Project）模式模拟结果,分析了历史同期云南极端高温天气发生的环流特征,探讨了2019年云南破纪录持续性高温的成因。历史极端高温日的合成分析表明,云南地区对流层上层显著异常反气旋伴随的强下沉异常和到达地表太阳辐射增加,是引发该区域极端高温天气的主要成因。该异常反气旋的形成主要源自北大西洋经东欧平原、西西伯利亚平原向东亚传播的高纬度罗斯贝波和经北非、黑海、伊朗高原向东亚传播的中纬度罗斯贝波之间的相互作用。2019年极端高温的强度和与之相应异常反气旋出现自1961年以来的最强。外强迫导致的增暖对2019年极端暖异常强度的贡献约为37.51%,同时对类似2019年以及更强极端暖事件发生概率的贡献为56.32%,内部变率对该事件也具有重要贡献。2019年4～6月北极涛动（Arctic Oscillation,AO）和ENSO事件分别处于历史极端负位相和暖位相。一方面,在AO强负位相影响下,极地上空深厚的位势高度正异常向南伸至东欧平原,有利于高纬度波列和云南上空的反气旋异常增强。另一方面,ENSO事件暖位相加强了西北太平洋异常反气旋环流,令西北太平洋副热带高压增强西伸至我国内陆地区,维持了云南上空反气旋异常。两者的共同作用,造成了2019年4～6月云南上空持续的深厚异常反气旋,云南地区继而出现持续性极端高温事件。     

Precipitation changes in wet and dry seasons over the 20th century simulated by two versions of the FGOALS model

Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20 th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS) model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms of their AGCM component, but the remaining parts of the system are almost identical. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean-state features of the timings of the wet and dry seasons and related precipitation amounts, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.65–0.84 with observations. Globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are analyzed. The results show that wet seasons get wetter and the annual range(precipitation difference between wet and dry seasons) increases during the 20 th century in the two models, with positive trends covering most parts of the globe, which is consistent with observations. However,both models show a moistening dry season, which is opposite to observations. Analysis of the globally averaged moisture budget in the historical climate simulations of the two models shows little change in the horizontal moisture advection in both the wet and dry seasons. The globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are mainly dominated by the changes in evaporation and vertical moisture advection. Evaporation and vertical moisture advection combine to make wet seasons wetter and enhance the annual range. In the dry season, the opposite change of evaporation and vertical moisture advection leads to an insignificant change in precipitation. Vertical moisture advection is the most important term that determines the changes in precipitation, wherein the thermodynamic component is dominant and the dynamic component tends to offset the effect of the thermodynamic component.     

Combined Impacts of Warm Central Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures and Anthropogenic Warming on the 2019 Severe Drought in East China

A severe drought occurred in East China(EC) from August to October 2019 against a background of long-term significant warming and caused widespread impacts on agriculture and society, emphasizing the urgent need to understand the mechanism responsible for this drought and its linkage to global warming. Our results show that the warm central equatorial Pacific(CEP) sea surface temperature(SST) and anthropogenic warming were possibly responsible for this drought event. The warm CEP SST anomaly res...     

Opposing Trends of Winter Cold Extremes over Eastern Eurasia and North America under Recent Arctic Warming

Under recent Arctic warming, boreal winters have witnessed severe cold surges over both Eurasia and North America,bringing about serious social and economic impacts. Here, we investigated the changes in daily surface air temperature(SAT) variability during the rapid Arctic warming period of 1988/89–2015/16, and found the daily SAT variance, mainly contributed by the sub-seasonal component, shows an increasing and decreasing trend over eastern Eurasia and North America, respectively. Increasing c...