进积型三角洲交汇区沉积模式--以东营凹陷沙三中亚段为例

作为碎屑岩储层发育的最主要沉积相类型之一,进积型三角洲在油气勘探领域具有举足轻重的地位;加强对进积型三角洲沉积模式的研究,对于油气储层预测具有重要现实意义。渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近纪湖盆内发育的东营三角洲和永安三角洲在沙河街组三段中亚段沉积期发生了交汇,而有关两个三角洲的交汇方式、沉积特征及交汇区储层的预测尚未引起足够的重视。以岩芯观测、录井和地震资料为基础,分析了东营凹陷古近系沙三段中亚段三角洲交汇区沉积特征,探讨了沉积期次、交汇过程,建立了三角洲交汇区沉积模式。研究表明,东营凹陷沙河街组三段中亚段主要发育湖泊、进积型三角洲沉积;储集砂体主要形成于三角洲前缘水下分流河道,河口坝微相次之,浊积岩主要分布于深湖区。认为此前界定的东营三角洲的分布范围可能被夸大,而永安三角洲的沉积规模可能被低估。东营凹陷古近系沙三中亚段可划分为9个期次,其作用过程可分为局部交汇阶段和完全交汇阶段。三角洲水下交汇区是水流汇聚和沉积物卸载的有利场所,叠置砂体可成为有利的油气储层,因而具有重要的油气勘探价值。     

苏里格气田西区地层水成因、分布规律与控制因素

苏里格气田西区气井产水严重,地层水成因、分布规律及控制因素不明确,成为制约该区致密砂岩气开发的关键科学问题.在大量测井数据、生产动态数据收集的基础上,分析了苏里格气田西部地层水性质及地球化学特征,结果发现:地层水矿化度高,整体属于盐水;水型主要为CaCl2型;pH值范围为6～6.9,呈弱酸性.分析认为:1)地层水主要为...     

Research on diagenesis of the sandstone-type uranium deposits in Dongsheng area,Ordos Basin

Synthetic methods of thin section petrography, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, energy spectrum analysis, cathodoluminescence, isotopic analysis and temperature measuring for fluid inclusions were used in analyzing sandstone samples collected from the Zhiluo Formation in order to fully understand the diagenesis evolution and the mineralizing response as well as the genesis of the uranium-bearing sandstone in Dongsheng area. The result shows that (1) the sandstone include lithic silicarenite, feldspathic litharenite and litharenite; (2) the authigenic minerals include clay minerals, carbonate minerals, siliceous and ferric minerals; (3) the physical property of sandstone is obviously controlled by diagenesis; and (4) the sandstone with favorable physical property is propitious to migration and storage of ore-forming fluid, and finally, forming the ore deposit. The sandstone of the Zhiluo Formation had undergone the early diagenetic stage (periods A and B) and the epidiagenetic stage. The evolution of diagenetic environment is in the order of acidic oxidation, alkalescent deoxidization, acidity to transitional environment of oxidation-deoxidization and acidity-alkalescence. The uranium exists in forms of pre-enrichment uranyl ion, active uranyl ion, dispersive adsorptive uranium and uranium mineral, respectively. In addition, the authors also hold that the formation of the sandstone-type uranium is not only related to the oxidation-deoxidization environment, but also closely related to the acidic-alkaline transitional environment, which are propitious to uranium mineralization in sandstone.

     

鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆异重流沉积新发现

水下重力流沉积作为重要的油气储层,已成为当前学术研究和油气工业共同关注的焦点.在鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7~长6油层组深湖相沉积中,发现一种不同于砂质碎屑流沉积和滑塌浊积岩的重力流成因砂岩.其沉积特征为一系列向上变粗的单元(逆粒序层)和向上变细的单元(正粒序层)成对出现;每一个粒序层组合内部的泥质含量变化(高-低-高)与粒度变化一致;上部正粒序层与下部逆粒序层之间可见层内微侵蚀界面;砂岩与灰黑色纯泥岩、深灰色粉砂质泥岩互层;粉砂质泥岩层内也表现出类似的粒度变化特征.通过岩芯观察和薄片鉴定,认为该岩石组合形成于晚三叠世深湖背景下的异重流(hyperpycnal flow)沉积.其沉积产物--hyperpycnite(异重岩?)以发育逆粒序和层内微侵蚀面而区别于其它浊积岩,逆粒序代表洪水增强期的产物,上部的正粒序层为洪水衰退期的沉积,逆粒序-正粒序的成对出现代表一次洪水异重流事件沉积旋回;层内微侵蚀面是洪峰期流速足以对同期先沉淀的逆粒序沉积层侵蚀造成的.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组异重岩的发现,不仅为探索陆相湖盆环境下的异重流沉积提供了一个范例,而且对于深水砂体成因研究、储层预测和油气勘探具有理论和现实意义.     

异重流沉积研究进展

在相关文献调研基础上,综述了异重流沉积研究现状,并结合中生代湖相异重岩研究实例,建立了“沟道-舌状体-朵状体”异重流沉积模式。异重流(hyperpycnal flow)是一种由洪水期河口直接注入、因密度大于汇水盆地水体密度而沿水体底部分层流动的持续型浊流。它呈牛顿流变性质、紊乱流动状态、湍流支撑机制,具有更高的发生频率和稳定的沉积物供给。异重流主要受地形、气候、密度差等因素控制,海洋和湖泊均有发生;水体密度小、近物源、地形高差大、中-小河流发育、构造活动强烈的陆相淡水湖泊更利于异重流的产生,但陆相湖盆异重流沉积并未引起足够的重视。异重流自近端向远端总体呈稀释趋势,依次对应于特定的沉积构造及序列;由异重流形成的沉积岩被称作异重岩(hyperpycnite),以发育由洪水增强-减弱所产生的逆粒序-正粒序组合、层内微侵蚀面、富含陆源有机质区别于其他浊积岩。深入研究异重流沉积,不仅有益于完善重力流沉积理论、分析沉积环境,而且有利于指导深水非常规油气勘探,具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。     

Research on diagenesis of the sandstone-type uranium deposits in Dongsheng area, Ordos Basin

Synthetic methods of thin section petrography, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, energy spectrum analysis, cathodoluminescence, isotopic analysis and temperature measuring for fluid inclusions were used in analyzing sandstone samples collected from the Zhiluo Formation in order to fully understand the diagenesis evolution and the mineralizing response as well as the genesis of the uranium-bearing sandstone in Dongsheng area. The result shows that (1) the sandstone include lithic silicarenite, feldspathic litharenite and litharenite; (2) the authigenic minerals include clay minerals, carbonate minerals, siliceous and ferric minerals; (3) the physical property of sandstone is obviously controlled by diagenesis; and (4) the sandstone with favorable physical property is propitious to migration and storage of ore-forming fluid, and finally, forming the ore deposit. The sandstone of the Zhiluo Formation had undergone the early diagenetic stage (periods A and B) and the epidiagenetic stage. The evolution of diagenetic environment is in the order of acidic oxidation, alkalescent deoxidization, acidity to transitional environment of oxidation-deoxidization and acidity-alkalescence. The uranium exists in forms of pre-enrichment uranyl ion, active uranyl ion, dispersive adsorptive uranium and uranium mineral, respectively. In addition, the authors also hold that the formation of the sandstone-type uranium is not only related to the oxidation-deoxidization environment, but also closely related to the acidic-alkaline transitional environment, which are propitious to uranium mineralization in sandstone.     

Early diagenetic deformation structures of the Furongian ribbon rocks in Shandong Province of China——A new perspective of the genesis of limestone conglomerates

Ribbon rocks are characterized by an alternation of millimeter-to centimeter-thick limestone and argillaceous deposits (marlstone or shale).The sedimentary processes and diagenetic characteristics of ribbon rocks might be critical to the formation of limestone conglomerates.According to detailed field measurement and laboratory analyses (thin section observation and XRD analysis),four types of ribbon rocks are classified,i.e.,limestone and marlstone couplet (L-M),limestone and shale couplet (L-S),thin-bedde...     

Characteristics and genesis of microbial lumps in the Maozhuang Stage(Cambrian Series 2),Shandong Province,China

Microbial lumps have been found in the Maozhuang Stage(Cambrian Series 2) in the Liangcheng section,Shandong Province,China.Their macro-and micro-scale features distinguish them from other carbonate particles such as intraclasts and oncoids.Most lumps have a coarse sand to pebble size.They were mostly rounded during sedimentation or combined to form irregular shapes.A distinct boundary is present between the lumps and the surrounding cement of sparry calcite.The lumps contain either no core at all or several irregular "cores",without a distinct inner texture.They are composed mainly of calcified(micritized) microbes,most likely cyanobacteria.The microbes drilled holes in carbonate grains,after which lumps formed by micritization,cementation,and agglutination by an extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) in a high-energy shallow-marine,subtidal environment.As the lumps are directly related to microbes,they should be considered as microbialites.     

泥质重力流沉积研究进展及其页岩油气地质意义--以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段为例

页岩油气的勘探开发推动了泥页岩沉积机理研究的快速发展,使得细粒物质的搬运和沉积成为当今沉积学界和油气工业界共同关注的焦点。尽管海洋环境下的泥质重力流沉积研究成果频见报道,但有关我国新生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起沉积学界的关注。故本文在国内外相关文献调研基础上,以岩芯观察和薄片鉴定为重点,分析了渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段湖相泥质重力流沉积特征;探讨了湖相泥质重力流沉积的形成机制;以期为湖泊沉积学研究和陆相页岩油气开发提供参考。研究发现,东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段发育泥质块体流、泥质碎屑流、泥质浊流及泥质异重流等多种重力流沉积类型;泥质滑塌岩、泥质碎屑岩、泥质浊积岩和泥质异重岩在时空上可以共生共存。认为泥质沉积物可以在动荡水体和较强水动力条件下沉淀;泥质重力流沉积在深水沉积区占有重要地位;泥质重力流对于泥页岩中的粗粒碎屑物质、有机质的搬运和沉积以及有机质的埋藏起到重要作用,因而具有重要的非常规油气地质意义。     

鲁西地区张夏组碳酸盐岩成岩系统

鲁西地区寒武系碳酸盐岩广泛发育,但针对该区碳酸盐岩成岩作用的研究较少.镜下鉴定显示研究区发育压实作用、胶结作用这两种破坏性成岩作用及溶解作用、压溶作用和白云石化作用等三种建设性成岩作用.新生变形作用对物性的影响可分两种情况,退变新生变形作用对改善岩石物性意义不大,进变新生变形作用有利于晶间孔的形成.结合流体包裹体分析,将研究区张夏组划分为海水、大气淡水、封存压实卤水、温压水4个连续演化的成岩系统,不同成岩系统中发育不同的成岩流体体系和成岩作用类型.海水成岩系统的特征为:在浅海海底成岩环境下,成岩温度低,流体包裹体为单相;成岩作用有压实、泥晶化作用、胶结作用(形成纤维状、共轴纤维状、共轴增生胶结物),海水和淡水过渡带鲕粒发生白云石化作用.在大气淡水系统:早成岩期的成岩体系为CaCl₂-H₂O、NaCl-H₂O、MgCl₂-H₂O和NaCl-MgCl₂-H₂O盐水体系,且盐度较低,发育等轴粒状方解石胶结作用和淡水溶解作用;古表生期和表生期发育溶解作用.封存压实卤水成岩系统,成岩流体体系为NaCl-MgCl₂-MgSO₄和KCl-CaCl₂-H₂O体系,主要发育胶结作用和压溶作用.温压水系统中,成岩流体体系为CaCl₂-H₂O、NaCl-CaCl₂-6H₂O、NaCl-MgCl₂-MgSO₄、MgCl₂-H₂O和FeCl₂-H₂O,发育胶结作用、埋藏溶蚀、压溶作用(表现为粗缝合线)和进变新生变形作用.淡水成岩系统和温压水系统都有利于溶解作用的发育,但是淡水成岩系统中选择性的溶解作用造成的溶蚀孔隙多被后期胶结物充填,而温压水体统中的溶蚀作用可新增1%~5%次生孔隙;压溶作用形成的未被完全充填的粗缝合线和进变新生变形作用发育的晶间孔,均有利于改善岩石物性.