Timing and geochemical characters of the Sanchazi magmatic arc in Mianlüe tectonic zone, South Qinling

The Sanchazi mafic-ultramafic complex in Mianlue tectonic zone, South Qinling can be subdivided into two blocks, i.e. Sanchazi paleo-magmatic arc and Zhuangkegou paleo-oceanic crust fragment (ophiolite). The Sanchazi paleo-magmatic arc is mainly composed of andesite, basaltic and basalt-andesitic gabbro (or diorite), andesitic dyke, plagiogranite and minor ultramafic rocks, which have typical geochemical features of island arc volcanic rocks, such as high field strength element (e.g. Nb, Ti) depletions and lower Cr, Ni contents. The Light rare earth element (LREE) and K enrichments of these rocks and zircon xenocrystals of 900 Ma from plagiogranite suggest that this magmatic arc was developed on the South active continental margin of the South Qinling micro-continent. The U-Pb age of (300 ± 61)Ma for zircons from plagiogranite indicates that the Mianlue paleo-oceanic crust was probably subducted underneath the South Qinling micro-continent in Carboniferous. This is consistent with the formation time (309Ma) of the Huwan eclogite originating from oceanic subduction in Dabie Mountains, suggesting that the Mianlue paleo-ocean probably extended eastward to the Dabie Mountains in Carboniferous. The high-Mg adakitic rocks in Sanchazi paleo-magmatic arc suggest that the subducted oceanic crust was relatively young (＜25Ma) and hot.     

Petrology,mineralogy, and oxygen isotope compositions of aluminum‐rich chondrules from CV3 chondrites

Bulk major element composition, petrography, mineralogy, and oxygen isotope compositions of twenty Al‐rich chondrules (ARCs) from five CV3 chondrites (Northwest Africa [NWA] 989, NWA 2086, NWA 2140, NWA 2697, NWA 3118) and the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite were studied and compared with those of ferromagnesian chondrules and refractory inclusions. Most ARCs are marginally Al‐richer than ferromagnesian chondrules with bulk Al₂O₃ of 10–15 wt%. ARCs are texturally similar to ferromagnesian chondrules, composed primarily of olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, spinel, Al‐rich glass, and metallic phases. Minerals in ARCs have intermediate compositions. Low‐Ca pyroxene (Fs_0.6–8.8Wo_0.7–9.3) has much higher Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents (up to 12.5 and 2.3 wt%, respectively) than that in ferromagnesian chondrules. High‐Ca pyroxene (Fs_0.3–2.0Wo_33–54) contains less Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ than that in Ca,Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs). Plagioclase (An_77–99Ab_1–23) is much more sodic than that in CAIs. Spinel is enriched in moderately volatile element Cr (up to 6.7 wt%) compared to that in CAIs. Al‐rich enstatite coexists with anorthite and spinel in a glass‐free chondrule, implying that the formation of Al‐enstatite was not due to kinetic reasons but is likely due to the high Al₂O₃/CaO ratio (7.4) of the bulk chondrule. Three ARCs contain relict CAIs. Oxygen isotope compositions of ARCs are also intermediate between those of ferromagnesian chondrules and CAIs. They vary from ?39.4‰ to 13.9‰ in δ¹⁸O and yield a best fit line (slope = 0.88) close to the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral (CCAM) line. Chondrules with 5–10 wt% bulk Al₂O₃ have a slightly more narrow range in δ¹⁸O (?32.5 to 5.9‰) along the CCAM line. Except for the ARCs with relict phases, however, most ARCs have oxygen isotope compositions (>?20‰ in δ¹⁸O) similar to those of typical ferromagnesian chondrules. ARCs are genetically related to both ferromagnesian chondrules and CAIs, but the relationship between ARCs and ferromagnesian chondrules is closer. Most ARCs were formed during flash heating and rapid cooling processes like normal chondrules, only from chemically evolved precursors. ARCs extremely enriched in Al and those with relict phases could have had a hybrid origin (Krot et al. 2002) which incorporated refractory inclusions as part of the precursors in addition to ferromagnesian materials. The occurrence of melilite in ARCs indicates that melilite‐rich CAIs might be present in the precursor materials of ARCs. The absence of melilite in most ARCs is possibly due to high‐temperature interactions between a chondrule melt and the solar nebula.     

The Triassic age for oceanic eclogites in the Dabie orogen: Entrainment of oceanic fragments in the continental subduction

Low-temperature and high-pressure eclogites with an oceanic affinity in the western part of the Dabie orogen have been investigated with combined Lu–Hf and U–Pb geochronology. These eclogites formed over a range of temperatures (482–565 °C and 1.9–2.2 GPa). Three eclogites, which were sampled from the Gaoqiao country, yielded Lu–Hf ages of 240.7 ± 1.2 Ma, 243.3 ± 4.1 Ma and 238.3 ± 1.2 Ma, with a corresponding lower-intercept U–Pb zircon age of 232 ± 26 Ma. Despite the well-preserved prograde major- and trace-element zoning in garnets, these Lu–Hf ages mostly reflect the high-pressure eclogite-facies metamorphism instead of representing the early phase of garnet growth due to the occurrence of omphacite inclusions from core to rim and the shell effect. An upper-intercept zircon U–Pb age of 765 ± 24 Ma is defined for the Gaoqiao eclogite, which is consistent with the weighted-mean age of 768 ± 21 Ma for the country gneiss. However, the gneiss has not been subjected to successive high-pressure metamorphism. The new Triassic ages are likely an estimate of the involvement of oceanic fragments in the continental subduction.     

Common Pb of UHP metamorphic rocks from the CCSD project (100–5000 m) suggesting decoupling between the slices within subducting continental crust and multiple thin slab exhumation

In order to understand the vertical structure of the Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt, common Pb isotopic compositions of omphacites in eclogites and feldspars in gneisses from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project (100–5000 m) have been investigated in this study. Samples from 0 to 800 m (unit 1) in the drilling core have moderately high radiogenic Pb isotopes with small variations of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (16.82–17.38), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.37–15.49), and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (37.21–37.72), indicating either high µ (²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb) or high initial Pb isotope ratios of their protoliths. In contrast, the samples from 1600 to 2040 m (unit 3) and most of samples from 3200 to 5000 m (unit 5) have moderately or very unradiogenic Pb (unit 3: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 16.05 to 16.46, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.22 to 15.29, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 36.68 to 37.48; unit 5: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.52 to 15.69, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.15 to 15.27, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 36.48 to 37.20), indicating either low µ or low initial Pb isotope ratios of their protoliths. Pb isotopes of samples from 800 to 1600 m (unit 2) and from 2040 to 3200 m (unit 4) in the drilling core with abundant ductile shear zones are intermediate between those of units 1 and 3 or 5 and display larger variations. Pb isotopes combined with the published oxygen isotope data of the CCSD samples reveal the original positions of the five units before the Triassic continental subduction. Units 1, 3, and 5 as three UHPM rock slabs could be derived from the subducted upper continental crust, upper–middle continental crust and lower–middle continental crust, respectively. The ductile shearing zones in units 2 and 4 could be the interfaces where the detachment and decoupling took place between the upper, upper–middle and lower–middle continental crusts. The detachment between the upper slab and subducting continental lithosphere probably occurred during continental subduction, and the upper slab (unit 1) was uplifted to a shallow depth along the detachment surface by thrusting. Units 3 and 5 may be detached later from the subducted middle and lower crust and uplifted to a shallow level underneath unit 1. The low δ¹⁸O values (? 4.0 to ? 7.4‰) [Xiao, Y.-L., Zhang, Z.-M., Hoefs, J., Kerkhof, A., 2006. Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphic Rocks from the Chinese Continental Drilling Project-II Oxygen Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Distributions through Vertical Sections. Contribution Mineral Petrology 152, 443–458.; Zhang, Z.-M., Xiao, Y.-L., Zhao, X.-D., Shi, C., 2006. Fluid-rock interaction during the continental deep subduction: oxygen isotopic profile of the main hole of the CCSD project. Acta Petrologica Sinica 22 (7), 1941–1951.] in units 2 and 4 suggest that the detachment interfaces could be developed along an ancient fault zones which were the channels of meteoric water activity during the Neoproterozoic.     

S盒的互相关测试算法设计

S盒是构成分组密码算法重要的非线性部件,其密码学性质直接影响整个密码算法的安全性,因此对S盒的安全性检测十分重要。以往对S盒的安全性评估大多数集中在检测分量函数的安全性上,本文考虑了分量函数之间的关系,并利用Shannon在对称密码系统设计中所提出的混淆和扩散的思想,提出了S盒的互相关测试指标,设计了测试算法,更好地评价了S盒的安全性能。对DES和AES的S盒分别进行了实验,给出了测试结果。     

Metamorphic growth and recrystallization of zircons in extremely O-depleted rocks during eclogite-facies metamorphism: Evidence from U-Pb ages, trace elements, and O-Hf isotopes

A combined in situ SIMS and LA-(MC)-ICPMS study of U-Pb ages, trace elements, O and Lu-Hf isotopes was conducted for zircon from eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks in the Sulu orogen. The two microbeam techniques sampled various depths of zircon domains, revealing different element and isotope relationships between residual magmatic cores and new metamorphic rims and thus the geochemical architecture of metamorphic zircons which otherwise cannot be recognized by the single microbeam technique. This enables discrimination of metamorphic growth from different subtypes of metamorphic recrystallization. Magmatic cores with U-Pb ages of 769 ± 9 Ma have positive δ¹⁸O values of 0.1-10.1‰, high Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, high REE contents, and steep MREE-HREE patterns with negative Eu anomalies. They are interpreted as crystallizing from positive δ¹⁸O magmas during protolith emplacement. In contrast, newly grown domains have concordant U-Pb ages of 204 ± 4 to 252 ± 7 Ma and show negative δ¹⁸O values of −10.0‰ to −2.2‰, low Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, low REE contents, and flat HREE patterns with weak to no Eu anomalies. They are interpreted as growing from negative δ¹⁸O fluids that were produced by metamorphic dehydration of high-T glacial-hydrothermally altered rocks during continental subduction-zone metamorphism. Differences in δ¹⁸O between different domains within single grains vary from 0.8‰ to 12.5‰, suggesting different degrees of O isotope exchange between the positive δ¹⁸O magmatic core and the negative δ¹⁸O metamorphic fluid during the metamorphism. The magmatic zircons underwent three subtypes of metamorphic recrystallization, depending on their accessibility to negative δ¹⁸O fluids. The zircons recrystallized in solid-state maintained positive δ¹⁸O values, and REE and Lu-Hf isotopes of protolith zircon, but their U-Pb ages are lowered. The zircons recrystallized through dissolution exhibit negative δ¹⁸O values similar to the metamorphic growths, almost completely reset U-Pb ages, and partially reset REE systems. The zircons recrystallized through replacement show variably negative δ¹⁸O values, and partially reset REE, and U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic systems. Therefore, this study places robust constraints on the origin of metamorphic zircons in eclogite-facies rocks and provides a methodological framework for linking the different types of metamorphic zircons to petrological processes during continental collision.     

内蒙迪彦庙地区寿山沟组地层研究

内蒙迪彦庙地区早二叠世寿山沟组地层发育良好,岩性相对稳定,变质、变形程度较低,是研究区范围内早二叠世地层层序研究的理想地区。该课题逐层实测了寿山沟组剖面,从剖面的岩性地层人手,着重分析了迪彦庙地区早二叠世的岩性组合特征、基本层序、沉积旋回特征;同时根据古生物化石类型和组合,推断该区域形成的地质时代和沉积环境。研究表明：寿山沟组剖面厚度为9598．98m,根据岩性和粒度的大小,可分3个岩段：一段为滨浅海一浅海陆棚沉积;二段、三段为一套浊流沉积岩系,发育特征性浊流沉积构造,为典型的复理石建造。     

内蒙迪彦庙地区寿山沟组地层研究

内蒙迪彦庙地区早二叠世寿山沟组地层发育良好,岩性相对稳定,变质、变形程度较低,是研究区范围内早二叠世地层层序研究的理想地区。该课题逐层实测了寿山沟组剖面,从剖面的岩性地层入手,着重分析了迪彦庙地区早二叠世的岩性组合特征、基本层序、沉积旋回特征;同时根据古生物化石类型和组合,推断该区域形成的地质时代和沉积环境。研究表明：寿山沟组剖面厚度为9598.98m,根据岩性和粒度的大小,可分3个岩段：一段为滨浅海浅海陆棚沉积;二段、三段为一套浊流沉积岩系,发育特征性浊流沉积构造,为典型的复理石建造。     

A high precision U–Pb age of metamorphic rutile in coesite-bearing eclogite from the Dabie Mountains in central China: a new constraint on the cooling history

This paper first reports a high precision U–Pb age of 218±1.2 Ma for rutile in coesite-bearing eclogite from Jinheqiao in the Dabie Mounteins, east–central China. This work shows that the U–Pb mineral (rutile+omphacite) isochron age of 218±2.5 Ma and conventional rutile U–Pb concordia age of 218±1.2 Ma obtained by common Pb correction based on the Pb isotopic composition of omphacite in the same eclogite sample are consistent, proving that the omphacite with low U/Pb ratio (μ=2.8) can be used for common Pb correction in U–Pb dating of rutile. Oxygen isotope analysis of rutile aliquots gave the consistent δ¹⁸O values of −6.1±0.1%, demonstrating oxygen isotope homogenization in the rutile of different grains as inclusion in garnet and grain in matrix. Oxygen isotope thermometry yields temperatures of 695±35 and 460±15 °C for quartz–garnet and quartz–rutile pairs, respectively. These oxygen isotopic observations suggest that the diffusion of oxygen in rutile as inclusion in garnet is not controlled by garnet. According to field-based thermochronological studies of rutile, an estimate of the T_c of about 460 °C for U–Pb system in rutile under rapid cooling conditions (20 °C/Ma) was advised. Based on this U–Pb age as well as the reported chronological data with their corresponding metamorphic and/or closure temperature, an improved T–t path has been constructed. The T–t path confirms that the UHPM rocks in South Dabie experienced a rapid cooling following the peak metamorphism before 220 Ma and a long isothermal stage from 213 to 180 Ma around 425 °C.