综合物探方法在广西妙皇隐伏多金属矿勘查中的应用

妙皇多金属矿区位于来宾凹陷东缘与大瑶山隆起西侧交接部位,广西大瑶山及其西侧铅锌成矿带中部成矿条件优越,历年来开展过多种研究和找矿方法,但找矿效果不佳。通过研究妙皇铜铅锌银矿区的地质条件和成矿背景,运用综合物探方法,对区内部分地质问题及矿产特征进行了推断和预测。2012年,依据地质物探综合成果布置了ZK22701号验证孔,取得了突破性的进展。同时,依据物探成果推测了矿区成矿机理和成矿模式,在找矿方向和找矿潜力方面进行了分析探讨,对中深部找矿具有很好的指导意义。     

中-β尺度对流云团造成特大暴雨过程的分析

通过对发生于长江中下游地区两个中－β尺度对流云团引起的特大暴雨过程的分析，探讨中－β尺度对流云团产生强降水的条件，研究其变化规律，从而为暴雨预报提供一定的物理依据。     

Monsoonal precipitation variation in the East Asia since A.D. 1840

Three tree-ring rainfall reconstructions from China and Korea are used in this paper to investigate the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation variation over the past 160 years. Statistically, there is no linear correlation on a year-by-year basis between Chinese and Korean monsoon rainfall, but region-wide synchronous variation on a decadal-scale was observed. More rainfall intervals were 1860–1890, 1910–1925, and 1940–1960, and dry or even drought periods were 1890–1910, 1925–1940, and 1960–present. Reconstructions also display that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation suddenly changed from more into less around mid-1920. These tree-ring precipitation records were also confirmed by Chinese historical dryness/wetness index and Korean historical rain gauge data.     

罗布泊Ls2孔近7.1Ma以来沉积物的环境磁学研究

塔里木盆地的高分辨率环境记录对于理解西部干旱乃至全球变化至关重要.湖泊沉积物的磁学参数能够记录沉积环境和古气候信息.罗布泊地区是受西风影响的典型区域.本文选取罗布泊Ls2孔7.1Ma以来长度达1050.6m的沉积物进行详细的岩石磁学与环境磁学研究.结果表明,磁铁矿和赤铁矿是沉积物中主要载磁矿物.钻孔底部和上部的沉积物磁铁矿含量相对较高,中部强磁性矿物浓度降低导致赤铁矿占主导.磁性矿物以PSD (pseudo-single-domain)颗粒为主,并含有极少量的SP(super-paramagnetic)颗粒.罗布泊Ls2孔的S-ratio比值表明,7.1～5.6Ma气候为相对较干旱和相对较湿润交替出现,5.6～3.6Ma干旱化加剧,3.60～0.74Ma有所缓和,0.74～OMa干旱化最为强烈,其中5.1Ma和3.6Ma是两个明显的转折点.多磁学参数表明,晚中、上新世以来罗布泊地区的磁性矿物含量的变化,可以反映罗布泊地区气候渐进式的干旱化过程.     

油松树轮记录的过去134年伏牛山5-7月平均最高温度

利用豫西伏牛山的两组油松树轮宽度年表,重建了该区域1874年以来5-7月的平均最高温度.并用Jackknife和Bootstrap等方法进行了方程稳定性检验,统计检验参数表明重建序列与实测序列吻合较好,且方程稳定可信,重建方程的解释方差为40%(调整自由度后为39%).重建显示,在过去134年中,豫西伏牛山区5-7月平均最高气温经历了4次冷期和5次暖期.其中,20世纪20-30年代末是最显著的暖期,之后开始降温,至50年代降到谷底,温度小幅回升后,在70-80年代中期又显著下降,80年代末以后开始增温.该重建温度序列与秦岭中部南五台地区温度序列有较好的一致性.     

额济纳233年来胡杨树轮年表的建立 及其所记录的气象、水文变化*

通过胡杨树轮宽度的分析,建立了内蒙古额济纳地区过去233年来的STD,RES和ARS年表;并将树轮STD年表与采样点附近额济纳气象站的气温、降雨量以及狼心山水文站的地下水水位等记录进行了相关分析。结果表明,在额济纳地区显著影响该地胡杨生长的主要限制因子是地下水水位。胡杨树轮宽度年表与冬季及全年地下水水位相关性最高,分别为-0.808(p＜0.01)和-0.724(p＜0.05)。在此基础上,设计转换方程,重建了额济纳地区过去232年来冬季及全年地下水水位变化历史,冬季地下水水位重建方程的解释方差达76.3 % (调整自由度后为70.4 ％ ,n=11,r=0.874,F=12.881,p＜0.003),全年地下水水位重建方程的解释方差为72.8 ％ (调整自由度后为66.1 ％ ,n=11, r=0.854,F=10.731,p＜0.005)。     

油松树轮记录的1776年以来贺兰山地区气温变化

Tree-ring standardized chronologies are developed by 78 cores collected from the eastern and western Helan Mountain. Statistical analysis shows that both the STD and RES chronologies correlate negatively with the temperature of different periods of early half year, especially with January to August mean （JA） temperature, which means that JA temperature is one of the predominant limiting factors of tree growth in the Helan Mountain. Based on this analysis, we reconstructed JA temperature, and the explained variance is 43.3% （F=21.422, p〈0.001 ）. The comparatively high temperature periods in the reconstruction were： 1805-1818 1828-1857, 1899-1907, 1919-1931 and 1968-1995; and the comparatively low temperatu re periods happened in 1858-1872, 1883-1895 and 1935-1953. Ten-year moving average curve shows three slow uplifting trends： 1766-1853, 1862-1931 and 1944-1995. Each temperature increase was followed by a sudden temperature decrease about 10 years, that is to say, the JA temperature in the Helan Mountain is characterized by slow increase and sudden decrease. The 70- and 10.77-year periodicities detected in the temperature series correspond to the Gleissberg （80-year） and Schwabe （11-year） periodicities of solar activity respectively, the 2.11-2.62 years cycles are considered to be influenced by QBO （Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation） and the local environmental change.     

Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.     

以树轮宽度重建九寨沟1750年以来 冬半年平均最低温度*

利用四川九寨沟地区树轮宽度年表对该地区1750A.D.以来的冬半年(上年11月到当年3月)平均最低温度进行模拟重建,重建方程的方差解释量为46.2 ％ (调整自由度后为45.1 ％ )。结果表明,九寨沟地区在重建期间平均最低温度较低的时段主要有1814~1844年和1937~1984年两个阶段; 而平均最低温度较高的时段主要有1795~1813年和1984年至今两个时期,其中1984年之后的升温时段尤为显著,与川西其他地点冬季温度重建非常相近。计算显示,与尼泊尔Kathmandu冬半年平均气温(上年10月到当年2月)相比,九寨沟地区冬半年平均最低温度存在显著2年滞后(r=0.27, p<0.0001),而1825年前后及1970年前后两个冬季低温时段在两个地点大体是一致的,这些现象表明青藏高原周边地区冬半年温度变化的趋同性。功率谱分析表明,九寨沟地区冬半年平均最低温度2.11~6.86a的准周期与ENSO周期比较一致,而18.46a准周期则显示了该地气温变动与天文准19a周期有一定关系。     

High-resolution monitoring of nitrate variations in a typical subterranean karst stream, Chongqing, China

Globally, it is possible that up to 25% of the world’s population depends on karst water supplies. In karst areas, a high degree of groundwater and surface water linkage often results in the direct recharge of groundwater with polluted run-off following rainfall. In order to reveal the hydrochemical variations after rainfall, especially real-time variation of pollutants, high-resolution auto-monitoring techniques were used at the outlet of Qingmuguan subterranean stream (QSS), which is influenced by agricultural activities. In addition to rainfall, high-resolution measurements of pH, water level, electrical conductivity (Ec) and NO₃ ⁻ concentration were recorded in the monsoon season and fertilizer application period using a data logger with time intervals of 15 min. In the six observed rainfall events, the pH value was mainly controlled by acidic rainfall inputs. The pH showed sharp decline after the rainfall event, and then increased. The Ec was impacted by the rainfall chemistry, dilution effect of rainfall and agricultural wastewater. NO₃ ⁻ derived from agricultural activities was less impacted by rain chemistry; and its variations were mainly affected by the dilution effect of rainfall and agricultural wastewater. Under the influences of the R1 rainfall, the rapid changes of Ec and NO₃ ⁻ were opposite in direction. As the rain continued, both the Ec and NO₃ ⁻ rapidly changed in synchronization within the shortest period of 5 h and the longest of 27 h because of the impact of the agricultural wastewater. The groundwater quality changed due to the influx of agricultural wastewater over the entire monitoring period. According to the National Groundwater Quality Standard, People’s Republic of China (GB/T14848-9), the groundwater quality of the QSS moved through the following grades during the monitoring period: Grade III → Grade IV → Grade V → Grade IV → Grade V → Grade IV → Grade V → Grade IV → Grade III. Traditional sampling methods did not reveal accurate hydrochemistry changes of the QSS, and even generated misleading results. Consequently, the high-resolution auto-monitoring technique is necessary for the future protection and sustainable use of karst aquifer in Southwest China.